基本信息
内容简介
目录
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
§1.1 DEFINITION OF GEOMATICS 1
§1.2 BRANCHES OF GEOMATICS 3
§1.3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOMATICS 6
Problems and Exercises 8
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of Surveying 9
§2.1 THE EARTH, GEOID AND ELLIPSOID 9
2.1.1 The Shape and Size of the Earth 9
2.1.2 Geoid and Ellipsoid 10
2.1.3 Reference Ellipsoids 11
§2.2 POSITIONING OF POINTS ON THE GROUND 12
2.2.1 Independent Planar Coordinate Systems 12
2.2.2 Geographic Coordinate Systems 13
2.2.3 Gauss-Kruger Planar Coordinate System 15
§2.3 RECTANGULAR COORDINATES 17
2.3.1 Reference Directions 18
2.3.2 Azimuths and Bearings 19
2.3.3 Principle of Coordinates Computation 22
§2.4 INTRODUCTION TO MAPS 24
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
§1.1 DEFINITION OF GEOMATICS 1
§1.2 BRANCHES OF GEOMATICS 3
§1.3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOMATICS 6
Problems and Exercises 8
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of Surveying 9
§2.1 THE EARTH, GEOID AND ELLIPSOID 9
2.1.1 The Shape and Size of the Earth 9
2.1.2 Geoid and Ellipsoid 10
2.1.3 Reference Ellipsoids 11
§2.2 POSITIONING OF POINTS ON THE GROUND 12
2.2.1 Independent Planar Coordinate Systems 12
2.2.2 Geographic Coordinate Systems 13
2.2.3 Gauss-Kruger Planar Coordinate System 15
§2.3 RECTANGULAR COORDINATES 17
2.3.1 Reference Directions 18
2.3.2 Azimuths and Bearings 19
2.3.3 Principle of Coordinates Computation 22
§2.4 INTRODUCTION TO MAPS 24
前言
Nowadays, more and more attention has been paid to the subject Geo-Spatial Information Science or Geomatics. It mainly includes the 3-S techniques, that is, GNSS (global navigation satellite system), GIS (geographic information system), and RS (remote sensing), together with its two supporting technologies—computers and communications used to collect, measure, analyze, store, manage, display, and distribute geo-spatial data. Geomatics is a preceding field in earth science and it is a significant element in geographic information science.
It is still in its infant period, an integrated theoretical structure is badly in need of being built. Particularly the techniques for geo-spatial data collection, storage, management, representation, and distribution want also to be developed.
In order to introduce the principal technology and knowledge of modern surveying theory and practice, this English version is published and referred currently to as “Fundamentals of Geomatics”, namely “Elementary Surveying and Mapping”. Since the new term, Geomatics, is now generally accepted in a majority of countries worldwide, and is consistent with modern theory and practice as currently evolving in China, it is an advisable addition to the textbook’s title. It is expected that this version will not only meet the needs of higher education in the bilingual teaching for the specialty of surveying and mapping, but be suitable for the engineers of spatial data users in various other engineering fields.
The authors\compilers have developed a professional level text designed mainly for sophomore students majored in Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Geographical Information System, and Urban and Rural Planning and Resource Management, and endeavored to present a readable text that provides basic concepts and practical knowledge in each of the areas fundamental to modern surveying (geomatics) practicality. The textbook introduces primary theory and practice in surveying engineering, but its depth and breadth also make it ideal for professional surveyors in self-study. Throughout the text, the authors/compilers have maintained its consistence with all relevant professional standards.
Meanwhile, this book tries to emphasize the theory and practice in topographical survey because it is the integrated application of elementary surveying knowledge. Students are hoped to learn deep into the subject in the other courses such as Geodetic Surveying, Photogrammetry, Survey Adjustment, Global Positioning System, Remote Sensing, Engineering Surveying, Mining Surveying, Cadastration, Cartography, Geographical Information System, Route Survey and so on in the junior and senior years. At the end of each chapter, there are a number of exercises closely related to the chief topics. Completing both the students and other readers can review the key points in teaching and promote one’s capability of analyzing and resolving problems.
For the sake of improving future editions, the authors/compilers will gratefully accept any workable suggestions or constructive criticisms from all the users including the surveyors in various fields, the university faculties and students.
MA, Zhenli
It is still in its infant period, an integrated theoretical structure is badly in need of being built. Particularly the techniques for geo-spatial data collection, storage, management, representation, and distribution want also to be developed.
In order to introduce the principal technology and knowledge of modern surveying theory and practice, this English version is published and referred currently to as “Fundamentals of Geomatics”, namely “Elementary Surveying and Mapping”. Since the new term, Geomatics, is now generally accepted in a majority of countries worldwide, and is consistent with modern theory and practice as currently evolving in China, it is an advisable addition to the textbook’s title. It is expected that this version will not only meet the needs of higher education in the bilingual teaching for the specialty of surveying and mapping, but be suitable for the engineers of spatial data users in various other engineering fields.
The authors\compilers have developed a professional level text designed mainly for sophomore students majored in Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Geographical Information System, and Urban and Rural Planning and Resource Management, and endeavored to present a readable text that provides basic concepts and practical knowledge in each of the areas fundamental to modern surveying (geomatics) practicality. The textbook introduces primary theory and practice in surveying engineering, but its depth and breadth also make it ideal for professional surveyors in self-study. Throughout the text, the authors/compilers have maintained its consistence with all relevant professional standards.
Meanwhile, this book tries to emphasize the theory and practice in topographical survey because it is the integrated application of elementary surveying knowledge. Students are hoped to learn deep into the subject in the other courses such as Geodetic Surveying, Photogrammetry, Survey Adjustment, Global Positioning System, Remote Sensing, Engineering Surveying, Mining Surveying, Cadastration, Cartography, Geographical Information System, Route Survey and so on in the junior and senior years. At the end of each chapter, there are a number of exercises closely related to the chief topics. Completing both the students and other readers can review the key points in teaching and promote one’s capability of analyzing and resolving problems.
For the sake of improving future editions, the authors/compilers will gratefully accept any workable suggestions or constructive criticisms from all the users including the surveyors in various fields, the university faculties and students.
MA, Zhenli
序言
2005年，主编主讲的一门课程“测绘学基础”(过去称为“地形测量学”或“普通测量学”，现在亦称“数字测图原理与方法”)被评为辽宁省本科精品课程，却苦于没有配套的英文教材进行双语教学。当时虽设法搜集了英、美等国家高校类似的教材，但其涉及的知识体系和内容与我国测绘学科对该门课程的教学要求相去甚远，完全不适应中国国情和测绘工程专业的实际情况。为此，我们只好自行编写了一部符合国内测绘专业使用的英文教材“Fundamentals of Geomatics in English”。到2009年，将其作为内部双语教学的教材先后修改和印制了3次，在测绘工程、地理信息系统和资源环境与城乡规划管理3个本科专业的“测绘学基础”课程教学中试用了10个学期。
本书涵盖了有关测绘学基础理论和技术，重点介绍数字测图的原理与方法，内容包括：第一章绪论；第二章测绘学的基本理论与知识；第三章水准测量；第四章角度测量；第五章距离测量；第六章测量误差理论；第七章小区域控制测量；第八章大比例尺地形图测绘；第九章地形图的应用。同时，每章均配合本章教学内容安排了若干习题。此外，考虑到学生掌握专业英语阅读和实际需要的具体情况，在附录中包括了中英文对照的各章节知识要点与习题参考答案及本书中出现的500余条个专业词汇的英中文对照。
本书适合测绘工程及相近专业的“测绘学”等课程，用于双语教学或“测绘英语”课程，同时也适合测绘工程领域内科技人员阅读和研究生的专业考试的复习之用。
本书与其他两部英文教材的研究与编写，是辽宁省高等教育教学改革研究项目“测绘工程专业主干课双语教学研究与实践”的成果之一，并于2012年5月8日获得国家首届“测绘地理信息教学成果奖”。
参加本书编写和绘图的有：中国矿业大学银川学院马振利、黄恒，辽宁工程技术大学裴亮、王崇倡、张继超、任东风、范强，沈阳建筑大学任家强、刘茂华等老师。
编写一部适应中国国情的测绘专业英文教材，是我们的一次斗胆尝试，敬请各位专家学者和使用本教材的读者对书中可能出现的技术错误和“Chinglish”现象给予批评斧正，对此深表谢意。
此次本书得以正式出版，首先十分感谢清华大学出版社的各位编辑。其次，对本教材修改中提出宝贵意见的各位任课教师和学生们表示深深的谢意。
编 者
本书涵盖了有关测绘学基础理论和技术，重点介绍数字测图的原理与方法，内容包括：第一章绪论；第二章测绘学的基本理论与知识；第三章水准测量；第四章角度测量；第五章距离测量；第六章测量误差理论；第七章小区域控制测量；第八章大比例尺地形图测绘；第九章地形图的应用。同时，每章均配合本章教学内容安排了若干习题。此外，考虑到学生掌握专业英语阅读和实际需要的具体情况，在附录中包括了中英文对照的各章节知识要点与习题参考答案及本书中出现的500余条个专业词汇的英中文对照。
本书适合测绘工程及相近专业的“测绘学”等课程，用于双语教学或“测绘英语”课程，同时也适合测绘工程领域内科技人员阅读和研究生的专业考试的复习之用。
本书与其他两部英文教材的研究与编写，是辽宁省高等教育教学改革研究项目“测绘工程专业主干课双语教学研究与实践”的成果之一，并于2012年5月8日获得国家首届“测绘地理信息教学成果奖”。
参加本书编写和绘图的有：中国矿业大学银川学院马振利、黄恒，辽宁工程技术大学裴亮、王崇倡、张继超、任东风、范强，沈阳建筑大学任家强、刘茂华等老师。
编写一部适应中国国情的测绘专业英文教材，是我们的一次斗胆尝试，敬请各位专家学者和使用本教材的读者对书中可能出现的技术错误和“Chinglish”现象给予批评斧正，对此深表谢意。
此次本书得以正式出版，首先十分感谢清华大学出版社的各位编辑。其次，对本教材修改中提出宝贵意见的各位任课教师和学生们表示深深的谢意。
编 者
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