《现代理工科物理学(英文版.原书第3版)(精装)》
About the Author
Preface to the Instructor
Preface to the Student
Introduction Journey into Physics
Part I Newton's Laws
OVERVIEW Why Things Change 1
Chapter 1 Concepts of Motion 2
1.1 Motion Diagrams 3
1.2 The Particle Model 4
1.3 Position and Time 5
1.4 Velocity 10
1.5 Linear Acceleration 12
1.6 Motion in One Dimension 16
1.7 Solving Problems in Physics 19
1.8 Unit and Significant Figures 23
SUMMARY 28
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 29
Chapter2 Kinematics in One Dimension 33
2.1 Uniform Motion 34
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity 38
2.3 Finding Position from Velocity 42
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration 45
2.5 Free Fall 51
2.6 Motion on an Inclined Plane 54
2.7 Instantaneous Acceleration 58
SUMMARY 61
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 62
Chapter 3 Vectors and Coordinate Systems 69
3.1 Vectors 70
3.2 Properties of Vectors 70
3.3 Coordinate Systems and Vector Components 74
3.4 Vector Algebra 77
SUMMARY 81
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 82
Chapter4 Kinematics in Two Dimensions 85
4.1 Acceleration 86
4.2 Two-Dimensional Kinematics 87
4.3 Projectile Motion 91
4.4 Relative Motion 95
4.5 Uniform Circular Motion 98
4.6 Velocity and Acceleration in Uniform Circular Motion 101
4.7 Nonuniform Circular Motion and Angular Acceleration 103
SUMMARY 108
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 109
Chapter 5 Force and Motion 116
5.1 Force 117
5.2 A Short Catalog of Forces 119
5.3 Identifying Forces 122
5.4 What Do Forces Do? A Virtual Experiment 123
5.5 Newton's Second Law 126
5.6 Newton's First Law 127
5.7 Free-Body Diagrams 130
SUMMARY 133
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 134
Chapter 6 Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line 138
6.1 Equilibrium 139
6.2 Using Newton's Second Law 141
6.3 Mass, Weight, and Gravity 144
6.4 Friction 148
6.5 Drag 152
6.6 More Examples of Newton's Second Law 155
SUMMARY 159
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 160
Chapter 7 Newton's Third Law 167
7.1 Interacting Objects 168
7.2 Analyzing Interacting Objects 169
7.3 Newton's Third Law 172
7.4 Ropes and Pulleys 177
7.5 Examples of Interacting-Object Problems 181
SUMMARY 184
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 185
Chapter8 Dynamics I1: Motion in a Plane 191
8.1 Dynamics in Two Dimensions 192
8.2 Uniform Circular Motion 193
8.3 Circular Orbits 199
8.4 Fictitious Forces 201
8.5 Nonuniform Circular Motion 205
SUMMARY 209
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 210
PARTSUMMARY Newton's Laws 216
Part II Conservation Laws
OVERVIEW Why Some Things Don't Change 219
Chapter 9 Impulse and Momentum 220
9.1 Momentum and Impulse 221
9.2 Solving Impulse and Momentum Problems 223
9.3 Conservation of Momentum 226
9.4 Inelastic Collisions 232
9.5 Explosions 234
9.6 Momentum in Two Dimensions 236
SUMMARY 238
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 239
Chapter 10 Energy 245
10.1 The Basic Energy Model 246
10.2 Kinetic Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy 247
10.3 A Closer Look at Gravitational Potential Energy 251
10.4 Restoring Forces and Hooke's Law 255
10.5 Elastic Potential Energy 257
10.6 Energy Diagrams 261
10.7 Elastic Collisions 265
SUMMARY 270
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 271
Chapter 11 Work 278
11.1 The Basic Energy Model Revisited 279
11.2 Work and Kinetic Energy 280
11.3 Calculating and Using Work 282
11.4 The Work Done by a Variable Force 286
11.5 Work and Potential Energy 288
11.6 Finding Force from Potential Energy 290
11.7 Thermal Energy 292
11.8 Conservation of Energy 294
11.9 Power 297
SUMMARY 301
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 302
PARTSUMMARY Conservation Laws 308
Part III Applications of Newtonian Mechanics
OVERVIEW Power Over Our Environment 311
Chapter 12 Rotation of a Rigid Body 312
12.1 Rotational Motion 313
12.2 Rotation About the Center of Mass 314
12.3 Rotational Energy 317
12.4 Calculating Moment of Inertia 319
12.5 Torque 321
12.6 Rotational Dynamics 325
12.7 Rotation About a Fixed Axis 327
12.8 Static Equilibrium 330
12.9 Rolling Motion 334
12.10 The Vector Description of Rotational Motion 337
12.11 Angular Momentum 340
SUMMARY 346
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 347
Chapter 13 Newton's Theory of Gravity 354
13.1 A Little History 355
13.2 Isaac Newton 356
13.3 Newton's Law of Gravity 357
13.4 Little g and Big G 359
13.5 Gravitational Potential Energy 362
13.6 Satellite Orbits and Energies 365
SUMMARY 371
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 372
Chapter 14 Oscillations 377
14.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 378
14.2 Simple Harmonic Motion and Circular Motion 381
14.3 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 384
14.4 The Dynamics of Simple Harmonic Motion 386
14.5 Vertical Oscillations 389
14.6 The Pendulum 391
14.7 Damped Oscillations 395
14.8 Driven Oscillations and Resonance 398
SUMMARY 40O
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 401
Chapter 15 Fluids and Elasticity 407
15.1 Fluids 408
15.2 Pressure 409
15.3 Measuring and Using Pressure 415
15.4 Buoyancy 419
15.5 Fluid Dynamics 423
15.6 Elasticity 430
SUMMARY 434
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 435
PARTSUMMARY Applications of Newtonian Mechanics 440
Part IV Thermodynamics
OVERVIEW It's All About Energy 443
Chapter 16 A Macroscopic Description of Matter 444
16.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases 445
16.2 Atoms and Moles 446
16.3 Temperature 449
16.4 Phase Changes 450
16.5 Ideal Gases 452
16.6 Ideal-Gas Processes 456
SUMMARY 462
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 463
Chapter 17 Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 469
17.1 It's All About Energy 470
17.2 Work in Ideal-Gas Processes 471
17.3 Heat 475
17.4 The First Law of Thermodynamics 478
17.5 Thermal Properties of Matter 480
17.6 Calorimetry 483
17.7 The Specific Heats of Gases 485
17.8 Heat-Transfer Mechanisms 491
SUMMARY 495
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 496
Chapter 18 The Micro/Macro Connection 502
18.1 Molecular Speeds and Collisions 503
18.2 Pressure in a Gas 505
18.3 Temperature 508
18.4 Thermal Energy and Specific Heat 510
18.5 Thermal Interactions and Heat 514
18.6 Irreversible Processes and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 516
SUMMARY 521
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 522
Chapter 19 Heat Engines and Refrigerators 526
19.1 Turning Heat into Work 527
19.2 Heat Engines and Refrigerators 529
19.3 Ideal-Gas Heat Engines 534
19.4 Ideal-Gas Refrigerators 538
19.5 The Limits of Efficiency 540
19.6 The Carnot Cycle 542
SUMMARY 547
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 548
PARTSUMMARY Thermodynamics 556
Part V Waves and Optics
OVERVIEW The Wave Model 559
Chapter 20 Traveling Waves 560
20.1 The Wave Model 561
20.2 One-Dimensional Waves 563
20.3 Sinusoidal Waves 566
20.4 Waves in Two and Three Dimensions 572
20.5 Sound and Light 574
20.6 Power, Intensity, and Decibels 578
20.7 The Doppler Effect 580
SUMMARY 584
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 585
Chapter 21 Superposition 591
21.1 The Principle of Superposition 592
21.2 Standing Waves 593
21.3 Standing Waves on a String 595
21.4 Standing Sound Waves and Musical Acoustics 599
21.5 Interference in One Dimension 604
21.6 The Mathematics of Interference 607
21.7 Interference in Two and Three Dimensions 610
21.8 Beats 615
SUMMARY 619
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 620
Chapter 22 Wave Optics 627
22.1 Light and Optics 628
22.2 The Interference of Light 629
22.3 The Diffraction Grating 634
22.4 Single-Slit Diffraction 636
22.5 Circular-Aperture Diffraction 640
22.6 Interferometers 642
SUMMARY 647
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 648
Chapter 23 Ray Optics 655
23.1 The Ray Model of Light 656
23.2 Reflection 658
23.3 Refraction 661
23.4 Image Formation by Refraction 666
23.5 Color and Dispersion 667
23.6 Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing 670
23.7 Thin Lenses: Refraction Theory 676
23.8 Image Formation With Spherical Mirrors 682
SUMMARY 687
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 688
Chapter 24 Optical Instruments 694
24.1 Lenses in Combination 695
24.2 The Camera 696
24.3 Vision 700
24.4 Optical Systems that Magnify 703
24.5 The Resolution of Optical
Instruments 707
SUMMARY 711
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 712
PARTSUMMARY Waves and Optics 716
Part VI Electricity and Magnetism
OVERVIEW Phenomena and Theories 719
Chapter 25 Electric Charges and Forces 720
25.1 Developing a Charge Model 721
25.2 Charge 725
25.3 Insulators and Conductors 727
25.4 Coulomb's Law 731
25.5 The Field Model 736
SUMMARY 743
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 744
Chapter 26 The Electric Field 750
26.1 Electric Field Models 751
26.2 The Electric Field of Multiple Point Charges 752
26.3 The Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution 756
26.4 The Electric Fields of Rings, Planes, and Spheres 760
26.5 The Parallel-Plate Capacitor 764
26.6 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field 767
26.7 Motion of a Dipole in an Electric Field 770
SUMMARY 773
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 774
Chapter 27 Gauss's Law 780
27.1 Symmetry 781
27.2 The Concept of Flux 783
27.3 Calculating Electric Flux 785
27.4 Gauss's Law 791
27.5 Using Gauss's Law 795
27.6 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium 799
SUMMARY 803
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 804
Chapter 28 The Electric Potential 810
28.1 Electric Potential Energy 811
28.2 The Potential Energy of Point Charges 814
28.3 The Potential Energy of a Dipole 817
28.4 The Electric Potential 818
28.5 The Electric Potential Inside a Parallel-Plate Capacitor 821
28.6 The Electric Potential of a Point Charge 826
28.7 The Electric Potential of Many Charges 828
SUMMARY 831
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 832
Chapter 29 Potential and Field 839
29.1 Connecting Potential and Field 840
29.2 Sources of Electric Potential 842
29.3 Finding the Electric Field from the Potential 844
29.4 A Conductor in Electrostatic Equilibrium 848
29.5 Capacitance and Capacitors 849
29.6 The Energy Stored in a Capacitor 854
29.7 Dielectrics 855
SUMMARY 860
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 861
Chapter 30 Current and Resistance 867
30.1 The Electron Current 868
30.2 Creating a Current 870
30.3 Current and Current Density 874
30.4 Conductivity and Resistivity 878
30.5 Resistance and Ohm's Law 880
SUMMARY 885
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 886
Chapter 31 Fundamentals of Circuits 891
31.1 Circuit Elements and Diagrams 892
31.2 Kirchhoff's Laws and the Basic
Circuit 892
31.3 Energy and Power 896
31.4 Series Resistors 898
31.5 Real Batteries 901
31.6 Parallel Resistors 903
31.7 Resistor Circuits 906
31.8 Getting Grounded 908
31.9 RC Circuits 909
SUMMARY 913
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 914
Chapter 32 The Magnetic Field 921
32.1 Magnetism 922
32.2 The Discovery of the Magnetic Field 923
32.3 The Source of the Magnetic Field: Moving Charges 925
32.4 The Magnetic Field of a Current 927
32.5 Magnetic Dipoles 931
32.6 Ampere's Law and Solenoids 934
32.7 The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge 940
32.8 Magnetic Forces on Current-Carrying Wires 946
32.9 Forces and Torques on Current Loops 948
32.10 Magnetic Properties of Matter 950
SUMMARY 954
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 955
Chapter 33 Electromagnetic Induction 962
33.1 Induced Currents 963
33.2 Motional emf 964
33.3 Magnetic Flux 968
33.4 Lenz's Law 971
33.5 Faraday's Law 975
33.6 Induced Fields 978
33.7 Induced Currents: Three Applications 982
33.8 Inductors 984
33.9 LC Circuits 988
33.10 LR Circuits 991
SUMMARY 994
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 995
Chapter 34 Electromagnetic Fields and Waves 1003
34.1 E or B? It Depends on Your Perspective 1004
34.2 The Field Laws Thus Far 1010
34.3 The Displacement Current 1011
34.4 Maxwell's Equations 1014
34.5 Electromagnetic Waves 1016
34.6 Properties of Electromagnetic Waves 1020
34.7 Polarization 1024
SUMMARY 1027
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1028
Chapter 35 AC Circuits 1033
35.1 AC Sources andPhasors 1034
35.2 Capacitor Circuits 1036
35.3 RC Filter Circuits 1038
35.4 Inductor Circuits 1041
35.5 The Series RLC Circuit 1042
35.6 Power in AC Circuits 1046
SUMMARY 1050
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1051
PARTSUMMARY Electricity and Magnetism 1056
Part VII Relativity and QuantumPhysics
OVERVIEW Contemporary Physics 1059
Chapter 36 Relativity 1060
36.1 Relativity: What's It All About? 1061
36.2 Galilean Relativity 1061
36.3 Einstein's Principle of Relativity 1066
36.4 Events and Measurements 1068
36.5 The Relativity of Simultaneity 1071
36.6 Time Dilation 1074
36.7 Length Contraction 1078
36.8 The Lorentz Transformations 1082
36.9 Relativistic Momentum 1087
36.10 Relativistic Energy 1090
SUMMARY 1096
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1097
Chapter 37 The Foundations of Modern Physics 1102
37.1 Matter and Light 1103
37.2 The Emission and Absorption of Light 1103
37.3 Cathode Rays and X Rays 1106
37.4 The Discovery of the Electron 1108
37.5 The Fundamental Unit of Charge 1111
37.6 The Discovery of the Nucleus 1112
37.7 Into the Nucleus 1117
37.8 Classical Physics at the Limit 1118
SUMMARY 1120
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1121
Chapter 38 Quantization 1125
38.1 The Photoelectric Effect 1126
38.2 Einstein's Explanation 1129
38.3 Photons 1132
38.4 Matter Waves and Energy Quantization 1134
38.5 Bohr's Model of Atomic Quantization 1138
38.6 The Bohr Hydrogen Atom 1141
38.7 The Hydrogen Spectrum 1146
SUMMARY 1150
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1151
Chapter 39 Wave Functions and Uncertainty 1156
39.1 Waves, Particles, and the Double-Slit Experiment 1157
39.2 Connecting the Wave and Photon Views 1160
39.3 The Wave Function 1162
39.4 Normalization 1164
39.5 Wave Packets 1166
39.6 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 1169
SUMMARY 1173
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1174
Chapter 40 One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics 1179
40.1 Schrodinger's Equation: The Law of Psi 1180
40.2 Solving the Schrbdinger Equation 1183
40.3 A Particle in a Rigid Box: Energies and Wave Functions 1185
40.4 A Panicle in a Rigid Box: Interpreting the Solution 1188
40.5 The Correspondence Principle 1191
40.6 Finite Potential Wells 1193
40.7 Wave-Function Shapes 1198
40.8 The Quantum Harmonic Oscillator 1200
40.9 More Quantum Models 1203
40.10 Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling 1206
SUMMARY 1211
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1212
Chapter 41 Atomic Physics 1216
41.1 The Hydrogen Atom: Angular Momentum and Energy 1217
41.2 The Hydrogen Atom: Wave Functions and Probabilities 1220
41.3 The Electron's Spin 1223
41.4 Multielectron Atoms 1225
41.5 The Periodic Table of the Elements 1228
41.6 Excited States and Spectra 1231
41.7 Lifetimes of Excited States 1236
41.8 Stimulated Emission and Lasers 1238
SUMMARY 1243
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1244
Chapter 42 Nuclear Physics 1248
42.1 Nuclear Structure 1249
42.2 Nuclear Stability 1252
42.3 The Strong Force 1255
42.4 The Shell Model 1256
42.5 Radiation and Radioactivity 1258
42.6 Nuclear Decay Mechanisms 1263
42.7 Biological Applications of Nuclear Physics 1268
SUMMARY 1272
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1273
PARTSUMMARY Relativity and Quantum Physics 1278
AppendixA Mathematics Review A-1
Appendix B Periodic Table of Elements A-4
Appendix C Atomic and Nuclear Data A-5
AppendixD ActivPhysics OnLine Activities and PhETSimulations A-9
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems A-11
Credits C-1
Index I-1
