现代无线通信(英文影印版)

.2.3.2 diffraction 24
2.3.3 diffraction losses 28
2.4 terrestrial propagation: statistical models 30
2.4.1 median path loss 30
2.4.2 local propagation loss 32
2.5 indoor propagation 33
2.6 local propagation effects with mobile radio 36
2.6.1 rayleigh fading 36
2.6.2 rician fading 40
2.6.3 doppler 42
2.6.4 fast fading 44
2.7 channel classification 48
2.7.1 time-selective channels 50
2.7.2 frequency-selective channels 52
2.7.3 general channels 52
2.7.4 wssus channels 54
2.7.5 coherence time 57
2.7.6 power-delay profile 58
2.7.7 coherence bandwidth 60
2.7.8 stationary and nonstationary channels 61
2.7.9 summary of channel classification 62
2.8 noise and interference 63
2.8.1 thermal noise 63
2.8.2 equivalent noise temperature and noise figure 66
2.8.3 noise in cascaded systems 68
2.8.4 man-made noise 70
2.8.5 multiple-access interference 71
2.9 link calculations 75
2.9.1 free-space link budget 75
2.9.2 terrestrial link budget 80
2.10 theme example 1: okumura-hata empirical model 82
2.11 theme example 2: wireless local area networks 85
2.11.1 propagation model 85
2.11.2 receiver sensitivity 85
2.11.3 range 86
2.11.4 power-delay profile 86
2.11.5 modulation 88
2.12 theme example 3: impulse radio and ultra-wideband 89
2.13 summary and discussion 94
notes and references 95
additional problems 96
chapter 3 modulation and frequency-division multiple access 103
3.1 introduction 103
3.2 modulation 105
3.2.1 linear and nonlinear modulation processes 106
3.2.2 analog and digital modulation techniques 107
3.2.3 amplitude and angle modulation processes 107
3.3 linear modulation techniques 108
3.3.1 amplitude modulation 108
3.3.2 binary phase-shift keying 110
3.3.3 quadriphase-shift keying 112�C
3.3.4 offset quadriphase-shift keying 114
3.3.5 π/4-shifted quadriphase-shift keying 116
3.4 pulse shaping 116
3.4.1 root raised-cosine pulse shaping 119
3.5 complex representation of linear modulated signals and band-pass systems 122
3.5.1 complex representation of linear band-pass systems 124
3.6 signal-space representation of digitally modulated signals 126
3.7 nonlinear modulation techniques 130
3.7.1 frequency modulation 130
3.7.2 binary frequency-shift keying 132
3.7.3 continuous-phase modulation: minimum shift keying 133
3.7.4 power spectra of msk signal 137
3.7.5 gaussian-filtered msk 139
3.8 frequency-division multiple access 142
3.9 two practical issues of concern 144
3.9.1 adjacent channel interference 144
3.9.2 power amplifier nonlinearity 146
3.10 comparison of modulation strategies for wireless communications 148
3.10.1 linear channels 148
3.10.2 nonlinear channels 150
3.11 channel estimation and tracking 151
3.11.1 differential detection 152
3.11.2 pilot symbol transmission 154
3.12 receiver performance: bit error rate 158
3.12.1 channel noise 158
3.13 theme example 1: orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing 162
3.13.1 cyclic prefix 167
3.14 theme example 2: cordless telecommunications 168
3.15 summary and discussion 170
notes and references 171
additional problems 173
chapter 4 coding and time-division multiple access 179
4.1 introduction 179
4.2 sampling 182
4.3 why follow sampling with coding? 184
4.4 shannon's information theory 185
4.4.1 source-coding theorem 185
4.4.2 channel-coding theorem 186
4.4.3 information capacity theorem 187
4.4.4 rate distortion theory 188
4.5 speech coding 189
4.5.1 linear prediction 189
4.5.2 multipulse excited lpc 190
4.5.3 code-excited lpc 192
4.6 error-control coding 193
4.6.1 cyclic redundancy check codes 194
4.7 convolutional codes 195
4.7.1 trellis and state diagrams of convolutional codes 198
4.7.2 free distance of a convolutional code 200
4.8 maximum-likelihood decoding of convolutional codes 201
4.9 the viterbi algorithm 203
4.9.1 modifications of the viterbi algorithm 205
4.10 interleaving 207
4.10.1 block interleaving 208
4.10.2 convolutional interleaving 210
4.10.3 random interleaving 212
4.11 noise performance of convolutional codes 212
4.12 turbo codes 215
4.12.1 turbo encoding 215
4.12.2 turbo decoding 216
4.12.3 noise performance 218
4.12.4 maximum a posteriori probability decoding 219
4.13 comparison of channel-coding strategies for wireless communications 222
4.13.1 encoding 223..
4.13.2 decoding 224
4.13.3 awgn channel 225
4.13.4 fading wireless channels 225
4.13.5 latency 225
4.13.6 joint equalization and decoding 226
4.14 rf modulation revisited 226
4.15 baseband processing for channel estimation and equalization 227
4.15.1 channel estimation 229
4.15.2 viterbi equalization 231
4.16 time-division multiple access 233
4.16.1 advantages of tdma over fdma 234
4.16.2 tdma overlaid on fdma 235
4.17 theme example 1: gsm 236
4.18 theme example 2: joint equalization and decoding 239
4.18.1 computer experiment 241
4.19 theme example 3: random-access techniques 243
4.19.1 pure aloha 243
4.19.2 slotted aloha 245
4.19.3 carrier-sense multiple access 245
4.19.4 other considerations with random-access protocols 248
4.20 summary and discussion 249
notes and references 251
additional problems 252
chapter 5 spread spectrum and code-division multiple access 258
5.1 introduction 258
5.2 direct-sequence modulation 260
5.2.1 the spreading equation 260
5.2.2 matched-filter receiver 262
5.2.3 performance with interference 263
5.3 spreading codes 265
5.3.1 walsh-hadamard sequences 267
5.3.2 orthogonal variable spreading factors 269
5.3.3 maximal-length sequences 270
5.3.4 scramblers 274
5.3.5 gold codes 274
5.3.6 random sequences 276
5.4 the advantages of cdma for wireless 279
5.4.1 multiple-access interference 279
5.4.2 multipath channels 283
5.4.3 rake receiver 284
5.4.4 fading channels 288
5.4.5 summary of the benefits of ds-ss 289
5.5 code synchronization 290
5.6 channel estimation 292
5.7 power control: the near-far problem 294
5.8 fec coding and cdma 297
5.9 multiuser detection 299
5.10 cdma in a cellular environment 301
5.11 frequency-hopped spread spectrum 306
5.11.1 complex baseband representation of fh-ss 307
5.11.2 slow-frequency hopping 308
5.11.3 fast-frequency hopping 310
5.11.4 processing gain 310
5.12 theme example 1: is-95 311
5.12.1 channel protocol 311
5.12.2 pilot channel 313
5.12.3 downlink cdma channels 314
5.12.4 power control 316
5.12.5 cellular considerations 317
5.12.6 uplink 318
5.13 theme example 2: gpss 319
5.14 theme example 3: bluetooth 321
5.15 theme example 4: wcdma 323
5.15.1 bandwidth and chip rate 324
5.15.2 data rates and spreading factor 324
5.15.3 modulation and synchronization 324
5.15.4 forward error-correction codes 324
5.15.5 channel types 325
5.15.6 uplink 325
5.15.7 downlink 326
5.15.8 multicode transmission 327
5.15.9 cellular considerations 327
5.16 theme example 5: wi-fi 328
5.17 summary and discussion 331
notes and references 332
additional problems 333
chapter 6 diversity, capacity, and space-division multiple access 339
6.1 introduction 339
6.2 "space diversity on receive" techniques 341
6.2.1 selection combining 341
6.2.2 maximal-ratio combining 346
6.2.3 equal-gain combining 353
6.2.4 square-law combining 353
6.3 multiple-input, multiple-output antenna systems 357
6.3.1 coantenna interference 358
6.3.2 basic baseband channel model 360
6.4 mimo capacity for channel known at the receiver 363
6.4.1 ergodic capacity 363
6.4.2 two other special cases of the log-det formula: capacities of receive and transmit diversity links 366
6.4.3 outage capacity 367
6.4.4 channel known at the transmitter 371
6.5 singular-value decomposition of the channel matrix 371
6.5.1 eigendecomposition of the log-det capacity formula 374
6.6 space-time codes for mimo wireless communications 376
6.6.1 preliminaries 378
6.6.2 alamouti code 379
6.6.3 performance comparison of diversity-on-receive and diversity-on-transmit schemes 387
6.6.4 generalized complex orthogonal space-time block codes 389
6.6.5 performance comparisons of different space-time block codes using a single receiver 392
6.7 differential space-time block codes 395
6.7.1 differential space-time block coding 395�Contents 7
6.7.2 transmitter and receiver structures 401
6.7.3 noise performance 402
6.8 space-division multiple access and smart antennas 404
6.8.1 antenna arrays 406
6.8.2 multipath with directional antennas 412
6.9 theme example 1: blast architectures 415
6.9.1 diagonal-blast architecture 416
6.9.2 vertical-blast architecture 417
6.9.3 turbo-blast architecture 419
6.9.4 experimental performance evaluation of turbo-blast versus v-blast 422
6.10 theme example 2: diversity, space-time block codes, and v-blast 426
6.10.1 diversity-on-receive versus diversity-on-transmit 426
6.10.2 space-time block codes versus v-blast 427
6.10.3 diversity order and multiplexing gain 429
6.11 theme example 3: keyhole channels 432
6.12 summary and discussion 436
notes and references 439
additional problems 441
chapter 7 wireless architectures 450
7.1 introduction 450
7.2 comparison of multiple-access strategies 450
7.3 osi reference model 454
7.4 the osi model and wireless communications 457
7.5 mac sublayer signaling and protocols 458
7.6 power control 461
7.6.1 open loop 462
7.6.2 closed loop 463
7.6.3 outer-loop power control 464
7.6.4 other considerations 464
7.7 handover 465
7.7.1 handover algorithms 465
7.7.2 multiple-access considerations 466
7.8 network layer 467
7.8.1 cellular networks 467
7.8.2 indoor lans 469
7.9 theme example 1: wireless telephone network standards 470
7.10 theme example 2: wireless data network standards 472
7.11 theme example 3: ieee 802.11 mac 473
7.12 summary and discussion 475
notes and references 476
problems 476
appendix a fourier theory 479
appendix b bessel functions 493
appendix c random variables and random processes 496
appendix d matched filters 509
appendix e error function 516
appendix f map algorithm 520
appendix g capacity of mimo links 522
appendix h eigendecomposition 533
appendix i adaptive array antennas 536
bibliography 544
index 551 ...

.　　第7章，无线电话网络标准、无线数据网络标准和IEEE 801.11 MAC
　　附录
　　本书中包括下列9个附录，作为正文的补充内容，以充分满足读者的需求：
　　·傅里叶理论
　　·贝塞尔函数
　　·随机变量和随机过程
　　·匹配滤波器
　　·误差函数
　　·最大后验概率（MAP）译码
　　·MIMO链路容量
　　·特征分解
　　·自适应天线阵列
　　习题
　　每一章都含有一定数量的习题，以帮助读者理解书中讨论的问题。每章结尾还提供了大量的附加习题，通过求解这些习题，可以进一步帮助读者加深理解相关的内容。此外，每一章都给出了例题并附有详细的解答，这些例题覆盖了主题内容的不同方面。
　　辅助材料
　　每一章的习题均附答案。每章结尾习题的解答已汇编成教师手册。（采用本书作为教材的教师可联系培生教育出版集团，以获取相关的资料。）
　　给出书中试验结果和图表的MATLAB程序也包含在教师手册中。这些MATLAB文件可从网http://www.prenhall.com/haykin下载。
　　书中插图的JPG格式文件也可在上述网站中得到。这些材料可用做采用本书授课时的PPT素材。
　　致谢
　　感谢多位同事为本书提供了背景材料并提出了真知灼见，他们以各种方式为本书的撰写过程提供了帮助。特别感谢以下人员（按字母顺序）：
　　Claude Berrou博士（法国布列塔尼国立高等电信学院）
　　Stewart Crozier博士（加拿大通信研究中心）
　　Suhas Diggavi博士（瑞士联邦工学院）
　　David Gesbert（瑞典奥斯陆大学）
　　Lajos Hanzo博士（英国南安普敦大学）
　　John Lodge博士（加拿大通信研究中心）
　　Mathini Sellathurai博士（加拿大通信研究中心）
　　Abbas Yonga峯glu博士（加拿大渥太华大学）
　　Mansoor Shafi博士（新西兰电信）
　　感谢对本书初稿提出许多关键性建议和评价的读者，他们为本书的撰写提供了很多帮助。
　　感谢加拿大麦克马斯特大学的Kris Huber和Space-Time DSP公司的Blair Simpson，他们协助绘制了本书的大量插图。
　　感谢允许我们引用某些图表的IEEE公司和欧洲电信标准化研究所。
　　特别感谢Prentice Hall教育出版公司的Tom Robbins、Craig Little和相关的工作人员为本书所做出的贡献及付出的辛勤劳动。
　　感谢各自的妻子Nancy和Dianne及家庭成员，他们的支持和鼓励是本书得以圆满完成的基础。
　　最后，感谢加拿大麦克马斯特大学的Lola Brooks在准备本书不同版本文稿时所做的工作。...
　　Simon Haykin
　　安卡斯特，安大略省
　　Michael Moher
　　渥太华，安大略省