化学:中心科学(英文影印版.原书第10版)

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该书已经再版9次，4位作者都曾经多次获得过不同层次的教学奖。它为学生设计了一个学习系统，这个系统从构建概念框架(Building a Conceptual Framework)、解题(Problem Solving)、可视化(Visualization)、应用(Applications)四个方面构建。每一方面通过若干模块实现，例如构建概念框架通过每章开头的What's Ahead、Give It Some Thought检验对概念的理解、每章结尾的Visualizing Concepts三个模块逐层加深概念的理解。对于学生而言，本教材提供了核心的、不可缺少的学习工具，无论是用作学习、提高，还是参考、准备考试，都能胜任。对于老师也有很好的参考价值。...

出版说明.
序
Preface
A Student's Guide to Using this Text
About the Authors
1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement
2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
5 Thermochemistry
6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
8 Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
9 Molecular Geometry and BondingTheories
10 Gases
11 Intermolecular Forces, Liquids, and Solids
12 Modem Materials
13 Properties of Solutions
14 Chemical Kinetics ..
15 Chemical Equilibrium

　　To the Instructor
　　Philosophy
　　This is the tenth edition of a text that has enjoyed unprecedented success over its many editions. It is fair to ask why there needs to be yet another edition. The answer in part lies in the nature of chemistry itself, a dynamic science in a process of continual discovery. New research leads to new applications of chemistry in other fields of science and in technology. A textbook that purports to introduce chemistry to students who have only a limited prior acquaintance with it should reflect that dynamic, changing character We want the text to convey the excitement that scientists experience in making new discoveries and contributing to our understanding of the physical world. .
　　In addition, the teaching of chemistry is also continuously changing. New ideas about how to present chemistry are being offered by teachers of chemistry, and many of these new ideas are reflected in how the textbook is organized and the ways in which individual topics are presented. In addition, new technologies and new devices to assist students in learning lead to new ways of presenting learning materials: the Intemet, computer-based classroom projection tools, and more effective means of testing, to name just a few. All of these factors impact on how the text and the accompanying supplementary materials are modified from one edition to the next.
　　Our aim in revising the text has been to ensure that the text remains a central, indispensable learning tool for the student. It is the one device that can be carried everywhere and used at any time, and as such, it is a one-stop source of all the information that the student is likely to need for learning, skill development, reference, and test preparation. We believe that students are more enthusiastic about learning chemistry when they see its importance to their own goals and interests. With this in mind, we have highlighted many important applications of chemistry in everyday life. At the same time, the text provides the background in modem chemistry that students need to serve their professional interests and, as appropriate, to prepare for more advanced chemistry courses.
　　If the text is to support your role as teacher effectively, it must be addressed to the students. We have done our best to keep our writing clear and interesting and the book attractive and well-illustrated. Furthermore, we have provided numerous in-text study aids for students, including carefully placed descriptions of problem-solving strategies. Together, we have logged many years of teaching experience. We hope this is evident in our pacing and choice of examples.
　　A textbook is only as useful to students as the instructor permits it to be. This book is loaded with many features that can help students learn and that can guide them as they acquire both conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills. But the text and all the supplementary materials provided to support its use must work in concert with the instructor. There is a great deal for the students to use here, too much for all of it to be absorbed by any one student. You, the instructor, are the guide to a proper use of the book. Only with your active help will the students be able to fully utilize all that the text and its supplements offer. Students care about grades, of course, but with encouragement, they can also care about learning just because the subject matter is interesting. Please consider emphasizing features of the book that can materially enhance student appreciation of chemistry, such as the Chemistry at Work and Chemistry and Life boxes that show how chemistry impacts modem life and its relationship to health and life processes. Learn to use, and urge students to use, the rich Intemet resources available. Emphasize conceptual understanding, and place less emphasis on simple manipulative, algorithmic problem-solving. Spending less time on solving a variety of gas law problems, for example, can open up opportunities to talk about chemistry and the environment.
　　Organization and Contents
　　In the present edition the first five chapters give a largely macroscopic, phenomenological view of chemistry. The basic concepts introduced--such as nomenclature, stoichiometry, and thermochemistry--provide necessary background for many of the laboratory experiments usually performed in general chemistry. We believe that an early introduction to thermochemistry is desirable because so much of our understanding of chemical processes is based on considerations of energy change. Thermochemistry is also important when we come to a discussion of bond enthalpies. We have continued to refine our approach to teaching thermodynamics in general chemistry. It is no easy matter to walk the narrow pathway between--on the one hand--trying to teach too much at too high a level and--on the other--resorting to oversimplifications. As with the book as a whole, the emphasis has been on imparting conceptual understanding, as opposed to presenting equations into which students are supposed to plug numbers.
　　The next four chapters (Chapters 6-9) deal with electronic structure and bonding. Here we have made several significant changes, particularly in the presentation of atomic orbitals. New Closer Look boxes deal with radial probability functions and the nature of antibonding orbitals. The focus of the text then changes to the next level of the organization of matter: the states of matter (Chapters 10 and 11) and solutions (Chapter 13). Also included in this section is an applications chapter on the chemistry of modem materials (Chapter 12), which builds on the student's understanding of chemical bonding and intermolecular interactions. This chapter has received a major revision, in keeping with the rapid pace of change in technology. It has been reorganized to emphasize the classification of materials according to their uses (materials for structure, materials for electronics, etc.). In addition, new topics such as light-emitting polymers and materials for nanotechnology have been added.
　　The next several chapters examine the factors that determine the speed and extent of chemical reactions: kinetics (Chapter 14), equilibria (Chapters 15-17), thermodynamics (Chapter 19), and electrochemistry (Chapter 20). Also in this section is a chapter on environmental chemistry (Chapter 18), In which the concepts developed in preceding chapters are applied to a discussion of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. We have further revised and refined our Introduction to equilibrium constants in Chapter 15. The chapter on thermodynamics has been carefully reworked to give students a better sense of how the macroscopic and microscopic views of entropy are connected.
　　After a discussion of nuclear chemistry (Chapter 21), the final chapters survey the chemistry of nonmetals, metals, organic chemistry, and biochemistry (Chapters 22-25). These chapters are developed in a parallel fashion and can be treated in any order.
　　Our chapter sequence provides a fairly standard organization, but we recognize that not everyone teaches all the topics in exactly the order we have chosen. We have therefore made sure that instructors can make common changes in teaching sequence with no loss In student comprehension. In particular, many instructors prefer to introduce gases (Chapter 10) after stoichiometry or after thermochemistry rather than with states of matter. The chapter on gases has been written to permit this change with no disruption in the flow of material. It is also possible to treat the balancing of redox equations (Sections 20.1 and 20.2) earlier, after the introduction of redox reactions in Section 4.4. Finally, some instructors like to cover organic chemistry (Chapter 25) right after bonding (Chapter 9). With the exception of the discussion of stereochemistry (which is introduced in Section 24.3), this, too, is a seamless move.
　　We have introduced students to descriptive organic and inorganic chemistry by integrating examples throughout the text. You will find pertinent and relevant examples of "real" chemistry woven into all the chapters as a means to illustrate principles and applications. Some chapters, of course, more directly address the properties of elements and their compounds, especially Chapters 4, 7, 12, 18, and 22-25. We also incorporate descriptive organic and inorganic chemistry in the end-of-chapter exercises.
　　Changes in this edition ..
　　Some of the changes in the tenth edition made in individual chapters have already been mentioned. More broadly, we have introduced a number of new features that are general throughout the text. Chemistry: The Central Science has traditionally been valued for its clarity of writing, its scientific accuracy and currency, its strong end-of-chapter exercises, and its consistency in level of coverage. In making changes, we have made sure not to compromise those characteristics. At the same time, we have responded to feedback received from the faculty and students who used the ninth edition. Sections that have seemed most difficult to students have in many cases been rewritten and augmented with improved artwork. In order to make the text easier for students to use, we have continued to employ an open, clean design in the layout of the book. Illustrations that lend themselves to a more schematic, bolder presentation of the underlying principles have been introduced or revised from earlier versions. The art program in general tias been strengthened, to better convey the beauty, excitement, and concepts of chemistry to students. The chapter-opening photos have been integrated into the introduction to each chapter, and thus made more relevant to the chapter's contents.
　　We have continued to use the What's Ahead overview at the opening of each chapter, introduced in the ninth edition. Concept links. continue to provide easy-to-see cross-references to pertinent material covered earlier in the text. The essays titled Strategies in Chemistry, which provide advice to students on problem solving and "thinking like a chemist," continue to be an important feature. A new in-chapter feature is the Give It Some Thought exercises. These are informal, rather sharply focused questions that give students opportunities to test whether they are actually "getting it" as they read along. We have added more conceptual exercises to the end-of-chapter exercises. A new category of end-of-chapter exercises, Visualizing Concepts, has been added to every chapter. These exercises are designed to facilitate concept understanding through use of models, graphs, and other visual materials. They precede the regular end-of chapter exercises and are identified in each case with the relevant chapter section number. New Multi-Focus Graphics have been added. These graphics depict topics in macroscopic, microscopic, symbolic and conceptual representation so students learn to see chemistry the way scientists do, from a variety of perspectives. The Integrative Exercises, which give students the opportunity to solve more challenging problems that integrate concepts from the present chapter with those of previous chapters, have also been increased in number.
　　New essays in our well-received Chemistry at Work and Chemistry and Life series emphasize world events, scientific discoveries, and medical breakthroughs that have occurred since publication of the ninth edition. We maintain our focus on the positive aspects of chemistry, without neglecting the problems that can arise in an increasingly technological world. Our goal is to help students appreciate the real-world perspective of chemistry and the ways in which chemistry affects their lives.
　　You'll also find that we've
　　Revised the end-of-chapter Exercises, with particular focus on the blacknumbered exercises (those not answered in the Appendix).