环境科学--交叉关系学科(第10版)(英文影印版)

　　Ten Respected, Successful Editions .
　　As we produce the tenth edition of this text, it is appropriate to celebrate its success and reflect on how the field has changed over the past two decades. Since Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships was first published in 1983, it has been translated into Chinese and Korean, and we estimate that nearly a million students have used the text. Over the 10 editions, we have seen the field of environmental science change signifioantly, Initially, most of the courses were designed t~ raise awareness about environmental issues. Today, the field of environmental science has become a major discipline at many colleges and universities. Students who enroll in an introductory environmental science course may move in several directions that were not present over 20 years ago. Fields such as environmental law and environmental engineering are new disciplines. In addition, other traditional disciplines such as landscape planning, urban planning, agriculture, and industrial engineering now pay significant attention to environmental concerns.
　　It has been an interesting intellectual exercise to keep up-to-date in this rapidly changing field. For example, in the early 1980s, air and water pollution by industry was a key issue in the developed countries. Today, however, most industries have made major improvements in controlling pollution and are no longer the main sources of air and water pollution. The actions of individual citizens now have become major sources of pollution. Automobile use is responsible for much of the air pollution that affects cities, and runoff from lawns, city streets, and farms is an important source of water pollution. Many new environmental problems have also arisen. Climate change, the AIDS pandemic, genetically modified crops, and concerns about the los(of biodiversity have become core issues. Over time, as these issues have assumed greater importance; they have been incorporated into the text.
　　Why "a Study of Interrelationships" ?
　　Environmental science is, an interdisciplinary field. Because environmental disharmoies occur as a result of the interaction between humans and the natural world, we must include both when seeking solutions to environmental problems. It is important to have a historical perspective, appreciate economic and political realities, recognize the role of different social experiences and ethical backgrounds, and integrate these with the science that describes the natural world and how we affect it. Environmental Science: A Study of lnterrelationships incorporates all of these sources of information when discussing any environmental issue. This text is written for a one, screener, introductory course taken by students with a wide variety of career goals. The central theme of the book is interrelatedness. No text of this nature can cover all issues in depth. Although many facts are presented in charts, graphs, and figures to help illustrate the scope of environmental issues, the text's main focus is on identifying major issues and giving appropriate examples to illustrate the complex interactions that are characteristic of all environmental problems. The facts are provided for the person who wants them, but they do not obscure the general concepts and principles being described. The authors have endeavored to present a balanced view of issues, diligently avoiding personal biases and fashionable philosophies, It is not the purpose of this textbook to tell you what to,think. Rather, our goal is to provide access to information and the conceptual framework needed to understand complex issues so that you can comprehend the nature of environmental problems and formulate your own views.
　　New to this Anniversary Edition!
　　New Author Brings Expertise and Unique Perspective
　　A special contributing author, Anne Todd Bockarie, updated chapters 2 and 16 for the tenth edition. She is an Assistant Professor of Biology at Philadelphia University and teaches EcOlogy, Biodi versity, Environmental Science, Introductory Biology, and Special Topics: Tropical Conservation. She helped develop the Environmental Science program at the university as well as a new major in Environmental and Conservation Biology. She has created new courses in ecological field methods, coral reef assessment in Jamaica, and wildlife management in YellowStone National Park. She holds a Research Associate position at Yale University and has supervised graduate research on the ecological and social impacts of large-scale pack restoration for the past six years. Dr. Bockarie's M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in reforestation and forestry extension are bom the University of Florida. She has extensive international consulting and training experience in agriculture, forestry, and parks management in Africa and the Caribbean.
　　New Biodiversity Chapter
　　Chapter 12, "Biodiversity Issues," discusses how population growth and the ability of people to exploit resources led to current concerns about biodiversity. This important topic .is examined at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels, and the value of biodiversity is described from several points of view: ethics, direct economic values, and services provided by organisms in functioning ecosystems. A discussion of the threats to biodiversity looks at habitat loss, overexploitation, introduction of exotic species, and control of Rest organisms. The chapter ends with an overview of efforts to protect ,biodiversity and inclucles'a discussion of ,legal protection ami steps being taken to ensure that sustainable management practices are used to preserve biodiversity.
　　In-Depth Coverage on Sustainabllity
　　Sustainability is a core concept in this text and is covered in several chapters. In chapter 2, sustainability is discussed in the context of ethical cpnsiderations. Chapter 3 expandts on the idea by looking at ihe topic from an economic point of view. Sustainability is also discussed in the chapters on energy use, biodiversity, water management, agnculture, and at many other points in the text.
　　New Feature Examines Environmental Change
　　When we look,at environmental issues in general, we find that the same basic issues exist today as in 1983. Although significant progress has beenmade toward solving some' environmental problems, progress in others has bean slow; and new, threats or cerberus have emerged. To help the reader evaluate progress and recognize how difficult some problems are, we have instituted a new feature with this edition. Each chapter begins with a "Past, Present, Future" feature that shows how spec!tic topics discussed in the chapter have changed over more than 20 years.
　　New Art Adds Depth'and Realism
　　There are over 40 new figures and tables in this tenth edition, many of which have been drawn in a more realistic, three-dimensional style. Numerous other pieces have been revised to reflect updated data or content.
　　"Risk and Cost@" Chapter Completely Rewritten
　　Chapter 3, "Risk and Cost: Elements of Decision Making," has a new introduction to the topics of risk and economics, a new section on how risk, is characterized, and a new table on the causes of accidental death. The chapter now describes renewable and nonrenewable resources, and includes a major section on assign ing value to natural resources. There are also greatly expanded sections on deferred costs, external costs, and subsidies. ..
　　All New "Issues-Analysis" Case Studies
　　Every chapter in the tenth edition features a new "Issues-Analysis" reading, written to reflect current issues and/or new data pertaining to the chapter subject matter. In addition, there are 10 other new readings chosen to complement new text content.