UNIX 网络编程 卷I 套接字联网API（英文版 第三版）[图书]

. 设计：TCP迭代的、并发的、预先创建的和预先线程化的服务器

2.4 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
2.5 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).
2.6 TCP Connection Establishment and Termination.
2.7 TIME_WAIT State.
2.8 SCTP Association Establishment and Termination.
2.9 Port Numbers.
2.10 TCP Port Numbers and Concurrent Servers.
2.11 Buffer Sizes and Limitations.
2.12 Standard Internet Services.
2.13 Protocol Usage by Common Internet Applications.
2.14 Summary.
Part II. ELEMENTARY SOCKETS.
Chapter 3. Sockets Introduction.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Socket Address Structures.
3.3 Value-Result Arguments.
3.4 Byte Ordering Functions.
3.5 Byte Manipulation Functions.
3.6 inet_aton, inet_addr, and inet_ntoa Functions.
3.7 inet_pton and inet_ntop Functions.
3.8 sock_ntop and Related Functions.
3.9 readn, writen, and readline Functions.
3.10 Summary.
Chapter 4. Elementary TCP Sockets.
Chapter 5. TCP Client/Server Example.
Chapter 6. I/O Multiplexing: The select and poll Functions.
Chapter 7. Socket Options.
Chapter 8. Elementary UDP Sockets.
Chapter 9. Elementary SCTP Sockets.
Chapter 10. SCTP Client/Server Example.
Chapter 11. Name and Address Conversions.
Part III. ADVANCED SOCKETS.
Chapter 12. IPv4 and IPv6 Interoperability.
Chapter 13. Daemon Processes and the inetd Superserver.
Chapter 14. Advanced I/O Functions.
Chapter 15. Unix Domain Protocols.
Chapter 16. Nonblocking I/O.
Chapter 17. ioctl Operations.
Chapter 18. Routing Sockets.
Chapter 19. Key Management Sockets.
Chapter 20. Broadcasting.
Chapter 21. Multicasting.
Chapter 22. Advanced UDP Sockets.
Chapter 23. Advanced SCTP Sockets.
Chapter 24. Out-of-Band Data.
Chapter 25. Signal-Driven I/O.
Chapter 26. Threads.
Chapter 27. IP Options.
Chapter 28. Raw Sockets.
Chapter 29. Datalink Access.
Chapter 30. Client/Server Design Alternatives.
Chapter 31. STREAMS.
Appendix A. IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, and ICMPv6.
Appendix B. Virtual Networks.
Appendix C. Debugging Techniques.
Appendix D. Miscellaneous Source Code.
Appendix E. Solutions to Selected Exercises.
Bibliography.
Index.

.　　 · APUE: Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment [Stevens 1992]
　　 · TCPv1: TCP//P Illustrated, Volume 1 [Stevens 1994]
　　 · TCPv2: TCP//P Illustrated, Volume 2 [Wright and Stevens 1995]
　　 · TCPv3: TCP//P Illustrated, Volume 3 [Stevens 1996]
　　 TCPv2 contains a high level of detail very closely related to the material in this book, as
　　 it describes and presents the actual 4.4BSD implementation of the network program-
　　 ming functions for the sockets API (socket, bind, connect, and so on). If one under-
　　 stands the implementation of a feature, the use of that feature in an application makes
　　 more sense.
　　Changes from the Second Edition
　　 Sockets have been around, more or less in their current form, since the 1980s, and it is a
　　 tribute to their initial design that they have continued to be the network APl of choice.
　　 Therefore, it may come as a surprise to learn that quite a bit has changed since the sec-
　　 ond edition of this book was published in 1998. The changes we've made to the text are
　　 summarized as follows:
　　 · This new edition contains updated information on IPv6, which was only in draft
　　 form at the time of publication of the second edition and has evolved somewhat.
　　 · The descriptions of functions and the examples have all been updated to reflect
　　 the most recent POSIX specification (POSIX 1003.1-2001), also known as the Single
　　 Unix Specification Version 3.
　　 · The coverage of the X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) has been dropped. That
　　 API has fallen out of common use and even the most recent POSIX specification
　　 does not bother to cover it.
　　 · The coverage of TCP for transactions (T/TCP) has been dropped.
　　 · Three chapters have been added to describe a relatively new transport protocol,
　　 SCTE This reliable, message-oriented protocol provides multiple streams
　　 between endpoints and transport-level support for multihoming. It was origi-
　　 nally designed for transport of telephony signaling across the Intemet, but pro-
　　 vides some features that many applications could take advantage of.
　　 · A chapter has been added on key management sockets, which may be used with
　　 Intemet Protocol Security (IPsec) and other network security services.
　　 · The machines used, as well as the versions of their variants of Unix, have all
　　 been updated, and the examples have been updated to reflect how these
　　 machines behave. In many cases, examples were updated because OS vendors
　　 fixed bugs or added features, but as one might expect, we've discovered the
　　 occasional new bug here and there. The machines used for testing the examples
　　 in this book were:
　　 · Apple Power PC running MacOS/X 10.2.6
　　 · HP PA-RISC running HP-UX lli
　　 · IBM Power PC running AIX 5.1
　　 · Intel x86 running FreeBSD 4.8
　　 · Intel x86 running Linux 2.4.7
　　 · Sun SPARC running FreeBSD 5.1
　　 · Sun SPARC running Solaris 9
　　 See Figure 1.16 for details on how these machines were used.
　　 Volume 2 of this UNIX Network Programming series, subtitled Interprocess Communi-
　　 cations, builds on the material presented here to cover message passing, synchroniza-
　　 tion, shared memory, and remote procedure calls.
　　.Using This Book
　　 This text can be used as either a tutorial on network programming or as a reference for
　　 experienced programmers. When used as a tutorial or for an introductory class on net-
　　 work programming, the emphasis should be on Part 2, "Elementary Sockets" (Chapters
　　 3 through 11), followed by whatever additional topics are of interest. Part 2 covers the
　　 basic socket functions for both TCP and UDP, along with SCTP, I/O multiplexing,
　　 socket options, and basic name and address conversions. Chapter 1 should be read by
　　 all readers, especially Section 1.4, which describes some wrapper functions used
　　 throughout the text. Chapter 2 and perhaps Appendix A should be referred to as neces-
　　 sary, depending on the reader's background. Most of the chapters in Part 3, "Advanced
　　 Sockets," can be read independently of the others in that part of the book.
　　 To aid in the use of this book as a reference, a thorough index is provided, along
　　 with summaries on the end papers of where to find detailed descriptions of all the func-
　　 tions and structures. To help those reading topics in a random order, numerous refer-
　　 ences to related topics are provided throughout the text.
　　Source Code and Errata Availability
　　 The source code for all the examples that appear in the book is available on the Web at
　　 www. unpbook, com. The best way to learn network programming is to take these pro-
　　 grams, modify them, and enhance them. Actually writing code of this form is the only
　　 way to reinforce the concepts and techniques. Numerous exercises are also provided at
　　 the end of each chapter, and most answers are provided in Appendix E.
　　 A current errata for the book is also available from the same Web site.
　　Acknowledgments
　　 The first and second editions of this book were written solely by W. Richard Stevens,
　　 who passed away on September 1, 1999. His books have set a high standard and are
　　 largely regarded as concise, laboriously detailed, and extremely readable works of art.
　　 In providing this revision, the authors struggled to maintain the quality and thorough
　　 coverage of Rich's earlier editions and any shortcomings in this area are entirely the
　　 fault of the new authors.
　　 The work of an author is only as good as the support from family members and
　　 friends. Bill Fenner would like to thank his dear wife, Peggy (beach 1 4 mile champion),
　　 and their housemate, Christopher Boyd for letting him off all his household chores
　　 while working in the treehouse on this project. Thanks are also due to his friend, Jerry
　　 Winner, whose prodding and encouragement were invaluable. Likewise, Andy Rudoff
　　 wants to specifically thank his wife, Ellen, and girls, Jo and Katie, for their understand-
　　 lng and encouragement throughout this project. We simply could not have done this
　　 without all of you.
　　 Randall Stewart with Cisco Systems, Inc. provided much of the SCTP material and
　　 deserves a special acknowledgment for this much-valued contribution. The coverage of
　　 this new and interesting topic simply would not exist without Randall's work.
　　 The feedback from our reviewers was invaluable for catching errors, pointing out
　　 areas that required more explanation, and suggesting improvements to our text and
　　 code examples. The authors would like to thank: James Carlson, Wu-Chang Feng, Rick
　　 Jones, Brian Kemighan, Sam Leffier, John McCann, Craig Metz, Ian Lance Taylor, David
　　 Schwartz, and Gary Wright.
　　 Numerous individuals and their organizations went beyond the normal call of duty
　　to provide either a loaner system, software, or access to a system, all of which were used
　　to test some of the examples in the text.
　　 Jessie Haug of IBM Austin provided an AIX system and compilers.
　　 Rick Jones and William Gilliam of Hewlett-Packard provided access to multiple
　　 systems running HP-UX.
　　 The staff at Addison Wesley has been a true pleasure to work with: Noreen Regina,
　　Kathleen Caren, Dan DePasquale, Anthony Gemellaro, and a very special thanks to our
　　editor, Mary Franz.
　　 In a trend that Rich Stevens instituted (but contrary to popular fads), we produced
　　camera-ready copy of the book using the wonderful Groff package written by James
　　Clark, created the illustrations using the gpic program (using many of Gary Wright's
　　macros), produced the tables using the gtbl program, performed all the indexing, and
　　did the final page layout. Dave Hanson's loom program and some scripts by Gary
　　Wright were used to include the source code in the book. A set of awk scripts written
　　by Jon Bentley and Brian Kernighan helped in producing the final index.
　　 The authors welcome electronic mail from any readers with comments, suggestions,
　　or bug fixes.
　　Bill Fenner Andrew M. Rudoff
　　Woodside, California Boulder, Colorado
　　 October 2003
　　 authors@unpbook, com
　　 http: //www. unpbook, com