使用Perl实现系统管理自动化（第二版，影印版）

.references for more information
2. filesystems
perl to the rescue
filesystem differences
unix
windows-based operating systems
mac os x
filesystem differences summary
dealing with filesystem differences from perl
walking or traversing the filesystem by hand
walking the filesystem using the file::find module
walking the filesystem using the file::find::rule module
manipulating disk quotas
editing quotas with edquota trickery
editing quotas using the quota module
editing ntfs quotas under windows
querying filesystem usage
module information for this chapter
references for more information
3. user accounts
unix user identities
the classic unix password file
changes to the password file in bsd 4.4 systems
shadow passwords
windows-based operating system user identities
windows user identity storage and access
windows user id numbers
windows passwords don’t play nice with unix passwords
windows groups
windows user rights
building an account system to manage users
the backend database
the low-level component library
the process scripts
account system wrap-up
module information for this chapter
references for more information
unix password files
windows user administration
4. user activity
process management
windows-based operating system process control
unix process control
file and network operations
tracking file operations on windows
tracking network operations on windows
tracking file and network operations in unix
module information for this chapter
installing win32::setupsup
references for more information
5. tcp/ip name and configuration services
host files
generating host files
error-checking the host file generation process
improving the host file output
incorporating a source code control system
nis, nis+, and wins
nis+
windows internet name server (wins)
domain name service (dns)
generating dns (bind) configuration files
dns checking: an iterative approach
dhcp
active probing for rogue dhcp servers
monitoring legitimate dhcp servers
module information for this chapter
references for more information
6. working with configuration files
configuration file formats
binary
naked delimited data
key/value pairs
markup languages
all-in-one modules
advanced configuration storage mechanisms
module information for this chapter
references for more information
xml and yaml
7. sql database administration
interacting with a sql server from perl
using the dbi framework
using odbc from within dbi
server documentation
mysql server via dbi
oracle server via dbi
microsoft sql server via odbc
database logins
monitoring space usage on a database server
module information for this chapter
references for more information
dbi
microsoft sql server
odbc
oracle
8. email
sending mail
getting sendmail (or a similar mail transport agent)
using the os-specific ipc framework to drive a mail client
speaking the mail protocols directly
common mistakes in sending email
overzealous message sending
subject line waste
insufficient information in the message body
fetching mail
talking pop3 to fetch mail
talking imap4rev1 to fetch mail
processing mail
dissecting a single message
dissecting a whole mailbox
dealing with spam
support mail augmentation
module information for this chapter
references for more information
9. directory services
what’s a directory?
finger: a simple directory service
the whois directory service
ldap: a sophisticated directory service
ldap programming with perl
the initial ldap connection
performing ldap searches
entry representation in perl
adding entries with ldif
adding entries with standard ldap operations
deleting entries
modifying entry names
modifying entry attributes
deeper ldap topics
putting it all together
active directory service interfaces
adsi basics
using adsi from perl
dealing with container/collection objects
identifying a container object
so how do you know anything about an object?
searching
performing common tasks using the winnt and ldap namespaces
working with users via adsi
working with groups via adsi
working with file shares via adsi
working with print queues and print jobs via adsi
working with windows-based operating system services via adsi
module information for this chapter
references for more information
ldap
adsi
10. log files
reading text logs
reading binary log files
using unpack()
calling an os (or someone else’s) binary
using the os’s logging api
structure of log file data
dealing with log file information
space management of logging information
log parsing and analysis
writing your own log files
logging shortcuts and formatting help
basic/intermediate logging frameworks
advanced logging framework
module information for this chapter
references for more information
11. security
noticing unexpected or unauthorized changes
local filesystem changes
changes in data served over the network
noticing suspicious activities
local signs of peril
finding problematic patterns
danger on the wire, or “perl saves the day”
preventing suspicious activities
suggest better passwords
reject bad passwords
module information for this chapter
references for more information
12. snmp
using snmp from perl
sending and receiving snmp traps, notifications, and informs
alternative snmp programming interfaces
module information for this chapter
references for more information
13. network mapping and monitoring
network mapping
discovering hosts
discovering network services
physical location
presenting the information
textual presentation tools
graphical presentation tools
monitoring frameworks
extending existing monitoring packages
what’s left?
module information for this chapter
references for more information
14. experiential learning
playing with timelines
task one: parsing crontab files
task two: displaying the timeline
task three: writing out the correct xml file
putting it all together
summary: what can we learn from this?
playing with geocoding
geocoding from postal addresses
geocoding from ip addresses
summary: what can we learn from this?
playing with an mp3 collection
summary: what can we learn from this?
one final exploration
part one: retrieving the wiki page with www::mechanize
part two: extracting the data
part three: geocoding and mapping the data
summary: what can we learn from this?
remember to play
module information for this chapter
source material for this chapter
a. the eight-minute xml tutorial
b. the 10-minute xpath tutorial
c. the 10-minute ldap tutorial
d. the 15-minute sql tutorial
e. the five-minute rcs tutorial
f. the two-minute vbscript-to-perl tutorial
g. the 20-minute snmp tutorial
index

.　　Chapter 2, Filesystems
　　This chapter is about keeping multiplatform filesystems tidy and ensuring that they are used properly. We'll start by looking at the salient differences between the native filesystems for each operating system. We'll then explore the process of intelligently walking or traversing filesystems from Peri and how that can be useful.Finally, we'll look at manipulating disk quotas from Perl.
　　Chapter 3, User Accounts
　　This chapter discusses how user accounts manifest themselves on two different operating systems, including what is stored for each user and how to manipulate the information from Perk That leads into a discussion of a rudimentary account system written in Peri. In the process of building this system, we'll examine the mechanisms necessary for recording accounts in a simple database, creating these accounts, and deleting them.
　　Chapter 4, User Activity
　　Chapter 4 explores ways to automate tasks centered around user activity, introducing a number of ways to track and control process, file, and network operations initiated by users. This chapter also presents various operating system-specific frameworks and tools (e.g., Windows Management Instrumentation, GUI setup tools, lsof, etc.) that are helpful for user-oriented tasks on different platforms.
　　Chapter 5, TCP/IP Name and Configuration Services
　　Name and configuration services allow hosts on a TCP/IP network to communicate with each other amicably and to self-configure. This chapter takes a historical perspective by starting with host files, then moving on to the Network Information Service (NIS) and finally to the glue of the Internet, the Domain Name Service (DNS). Each step of the way, it shows how Peri can make professional management of these services easier. We'll also explore how to work with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) from Peri in this chapter.
　　Chapter 6, Working with Configuration Files
　　Almost every system or software package we touch relies heavily on configuration files to be useful in our environment. This chapter explores the tools that make writing and reading those files from Peri easy. We'll look at various formats, with special attention paid to XML and the current best practices for working with it using Peri.
　　Chapter 7, SQL Database Administration
　　Over time, more uses for relational databases are being found in the system administration realm. As a result, system administrators need to become familiar with SQL database administration. This chapter explains DBI, the preeminent SQL database framework for Perl, and provides examples of it in action for database administration.
　　Chapter 8, Email
　　This chapter demonstrates how Perl can make better use of email as a system ad-ministration tool. After discussing sending via SMTP (including MIME-based HTML messages), receiving via POP3/IMAP, and parsing via Peri, we'll explore several interesting applications, including tools for analyzing unsolicited commercial email (a.k.a. spam) and managing tech support emails.
　　Chapter 9, Directory Services
　　As the complexity of the information we deal with increases over time, so does the importance of the directory services we use to access that information. System administrators are increasingly being called upon not only to use these services,but also to build tools for their management. This chapter discusses some of the more popular directory service protocols/frameworks, such as LDAP and ADSI,and shows you how to work with them from Peri.
　　Chapter 10, Log Files
　　System administrators are often awash in a sea of log files. Every machine, operating system, and program can (and often does) log information. This chapter looks at the logging systems offered by Unix- and Windows-based operating systems and discusses approaches for analyzing logging information so it can work for you.
　　Chapter 11, Security
　　This chapter heads right into the maelstrom called "security," demonstrating how Perl can make hosts and networks more secure.
　　Chapter 12, SNMP
　　This chapter is devoted to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It illustrates how to use this protocol to communicate with network devices (both to poll and to receive trap information).
　　Chapter 13, Network Mapping and Monitoring
　　Peri offers some excellent tools for the mapping and monitoring of networks. In this chapter, we'll look at several ways to discover the hosts on the network'and the services they offer. We'll then explore helpful graphical and textual ways to present the information collected, including some of the best tools for graphing and charting the data (such as GraphViz and RRDtool).
　　Chapter 14, Experiential Learning
　　This is the chapter you don't want your boss to catch you reading.
　　Appendixes
　　Some of the chapters assume basic knowledge about topics with which you may not be familiar. For those who are new to these subjects, this book includes several mini-tutorials to bring you up to speed quickly. The appendixes provide introductions to the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), the XML Path Language (XPathi,the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), the Structured Query Language (SQL), the Revision Control System (RCS), translating VBScript to Peri, and SNMP.