电路基础（英文影印版）

. 2.1 invoduction 28
2.2 ohm's laws 28
2.3 nodes, branches, and loops 33
2.4 kirchhoff's laws 35
2.5 series resistors and voltage division 41
2.6 parallel resistors and current division 42
2.7 wye-delta transformations 50
2.8 applications 54
2.8.l lighting systems
2.8.2 design of dc meters
2.9 summary 60
review questions 6l
problems 63
comprebensive hoblems 72
chapter 3 methods of analysis 75
3.1 introdnction 76
3.2 nodal analysis 76
3.3 nodal analysis with voltage sources 82
3.4 mesh analysis 87
3.5 mesh aoalysis with current sources 92
3.6 nodal and mesh analyses by inspection 95
3.7 nodal versns mesh analysis 99
3.8 circuit analysis with pspice ioo
3.9 applications: dc transistor circuits 102
3.1o summary 107
review questions 107
problems 109
comprehensive problems 117
chapter 4 circuit theorems 119
4.1 introduchon 120
4.2 linearity propeny l20
4.3 superposition 122
4.4 source transfomlation 127
4.5 thevenin's theorem 131
4.6 nonon's theorem 137
4.7 derivations of thevenin's and norton's theorems l40
4.8 maximum power transfer 142
4.9 verifying circuit theorems with pspice 144
4.10 applications 147
4.1o.l source modeling
4.1o.2 resistance measurement
4.11 summary 153
review questions i53
problems i 54
comprehensive ptoblems l62
chapter 5 operational amplifiers 163
5.1 introduction l66
5.2 operational ampliners 166
5.3 ideal op amp 170
5.4 inverting amplifier l7l
5.5 noninverting amplifier 174
5.6 summing amplifier 176
5.7 difference amplifier 177
5.8 cascaded op amp circuits 18l
5.9 op amp circuit analysis with pspice l83
5.10 applications 185
5.1o.l digital-to analog conveher
5.1o.2 instnlmentation amplifiers
5.11 summary 188
review questions 190
problems l91
comprehensive problems 200
chapter 6 capacitors and inductors 201
6.1 inuoduchon 202
6.2 capacitors 202
6.3 series and parallel capacitors 208
6.4 inductors 211
6.5 series and parauel inductors 216
6.6 applications 219
6.6. l integrator
6.6.2 differentiator
6.6.3 analog computer
6.7 summary 225
review questions 226
rnblems 227
comprehensive problems 235
chapter 7 first-order circuits 237
7.1 inteoduction 238
7.2 the source-kee rc circuit 238
7.3 the source-free rl circoit 243
7.4 singularity functions 249
7.5 step response of an rc circuit 257
7.6 step response of an rl circuit 263
7.7 first-order op amp circuits 268
7.8 transient analysis with pspice 273
7.9 applications 276
7.9.1 delay circuits
7.9.2 photoaash unit
7.9.3 relay circuits
7.9.4 automobile ignition circuit
7.10 summary 282
review questions 283
problems 2s4
comprehensive problems 293
chapter 8 second-order circuits 295
8.1 introduction 296
8.2 finding initial and final values 296
8.3 the source-free series rilc circuit 30i
8.4 the source-free parallel rlc circuit 308
8.5 step respoose of a series rlc circuit 314
8.6 step response of a parahel rlc circuit 319
8.7 general second-order circnits 322
8.8 second-order op amp circuits 327
8.9 pspice analysis of ri~c circuits 330
8.1o duality 332
8.11 applications 336
8.11.1 automobile ignition system
8.11.2 smoothing circuits
8.12 summary 340
review questions 340
problems 341
comprehensive problems 350
part 2 accircuits 351
chapter 9 sinusoids and phasors 333
9.1 introduction 354
9.2 sinusoids 355
9.3 phasors 359
9.4 phasor relationships for circuit elements 367
9.5 impedance and admittance 369
9.6 kirchhoff's laws in the frequency domain 372
9.7 impedance combinations 373
9.8 applications 379
9.8.l phase-shifters
9.8.2 ac bridges
9.9 snmmary 384
review questions 385
problems 385
comprebensive hoblems 392
chapter 10 sirusoidal steady-state analysis 393
10.1 inuoduction 394
10.2 nodal analysis 394
1o.3 mesh analysis 397
10.4 superposition theorem 400
i0.5 soarce transformation 404
1o.6 thevenin and nonon equivalent circqits 406
10.7 op amp ac circuhs 41 l
1o.8 ac analysis using pspice 413
1o.9 applications 4 l 6
10.9.1 capacitance moltiplier
10.9.2 oscillators
10.10 summary 420
review questions 42l
problems 422
chapter 11 ac power analysis 433
11.1 introduction 434
11.2 instantaneous and average power 434
11.3 maximum average power transfer l}ito
11.4 effective or rms value 443
11.5 apparnnt power and power factor 447
11.6 complex power 449
11.7 conservation of ac power 453
11.8 power factor comection 457
11.9 applications 459
11.9.l power measurement
ll.9.2 electricity consumption cost
11.10 summary 464
review questions 465
problems 466
comprehensive problems 474
chapter 12 three-phase circuits 477
12.1 introduction 478
12.2 bajanced three-phase voltages 479
12.3 balanced wye-wye connection 4s2
12.4 balanced wye-delta connection 486
12.5 balanced delta-delta connection 488
12.6 balanced delta-wye connection 490
12.7 power in a balanced system 494
12.8 unbalanced three-pbase systems 500
12.9 psplce for three-phase circuits 504
12.1o applications 508
12.10.1 three-phase power measurement
l2.1o.2 residential wiring
12.11 summary 516
review questions 517
problems 518
comprehensive problems 525
chapter 13 magnetica11y coupled circuits 527
13.1 introduction 528
13.2 mutual inductance 528
13.3 energy in a conpled circuit 535
13.4 linear transformers 539
13.5 ideal transformers 545
13.6 ideal autoransformers 552
13.7 three-phase transformers 556
13.8 pspice analysis of magnetically coupled circuits 559
13.9 applications 563
13.9.1 transformer as an isolation device
13.9.2 transformer as a matching device
13.9.3 power distribution
13.10 summary 569
rewiew questions 570
problems 571
comprehensive problems 582
chapter 14 frequency response 583
14.1 introduction 584
14.2 transfer function 584
l4.3 the decibel scale 588
14.4 bode plots 589
14.5 series resonance 600
14.6 parallel resonance 605
14.7 passive filters 608
14.7.l lowpass filter
14.7.2 higtlpass filter
14.7.3 bandpass filter
14.7.4 bandstop filter
14.8 active filters 613
14.8.l first-order lowpass filter
14.8.2 first-order highpass filler
14.8.3 bandpass filter
14.8.4 bandreject (or notch) filter
14.9 scaling 619
14.9.l magnitude scaling
14.9.2 frequency scaling
14.9.3 magnitude and frequency scaling
14.1o frequency response using pspice 622
14.11 applications 626
14.1l.l radio receiver
14.ll.2 touch-tone telephone
l4.1l.3 crossover network
14.12 summary 631
review questions 633
problems 633
comprehensive problems 640
part 3 advanced.circuit analvsis 643
chapter 15 the laplace transform 645
15.1 introduction 646
15.2 definition of the laplace transform 646
15.3 ptoperties.of the laplace transform 649
15.4 the inverse laplace transform 659
15.4.l simple poles
15.4.2 repeated poles
l5.4.3 complex poles
15.t applicaton to circuits 666
15.6 transfer functions 672
15.7 the convolution integral 677
15.8 application to integrodifferential equations 685
15.9 applications 687
15.9.1 network stability
15.9.2 network syntkesis
15.1o summary 694
review questions 696
problems 696
comprehensive problems 705
chapter 16 the fourier series 707
16.1 inuodoction 708
16.2 trigonomeric fourier series 708
16.3 symmetry considerations 7l7
16.3.1 even symmeuy
16.3.2 odd symmetry
16.3.3 half-wave symmetry
16.4 circuit applicatons 727
16.5 average power and rms values 730
16.6 exponential fourier series 734
16.7 fourier analysis with pspice 740
16.7. i discrete fourier transform
l6.7.2 fast fourier transform
16.8 applications 746
l6.8.1 specuum analyzers
16.8.2 filters
16.9 summary 749
review questions 75l
problems 751
comprehensive problems 758
chapter 17 fourier transform 759
17.1 introduction 760
17.2 definition of the fonrier transform 760
17.3 propenies of the fourier transform 766
17.4 circuit applications 779
17.5 parseval's theorem 782
17.6 comparing tke fourier and laplace trallsforms 784
l7.7 applications 785
17.7.1 amplitude modulation
17.7.2 sampling
17.8 summary 789
review questions 790
problems 790
comprehensive problems 794
chapter 18 two-port networks 795
18.1 inuoduction 796
18.2 impedance parameters 796
18.3 admittance parameters 801
18.4 hybrid parameters 804
18.5 transmission parameters 809
18.6 relationships between parameters 814
18.7 interconnection of networks 817
18.8 computing two-port parameters using pspice 823
l8.9 applications 826
18.9.1 transistor circuits
l8.9.2 ladder network synthesis
18.10 summary 833
review qnestions 834
problems 835
comprehensive problems 844
appendixa solution of simultaneous equations using cramer's rule 845
appendix b complex numbers 851
appendix c mathematical formulas 859
appendix d pspice for wiodows 865
appendix e answers to odd-numbered problems 893
selected bibliography 929
index 933

.　　 Prerequisites
　　 As with most introductory circnit courses, the main prerequisites are physics and calculus. Although familiarity with complex numbers is helpful in the later part of the book. it is not required.
　　 Supplements
　　 Solutions Manual-an Instructor's Solutions Manual is available to instructors who adopt the text. It contains complete solutions to all the end-of-chapter problems.
　　 Transparency Masters-over 200 important figures are available as transparency masters for use as overheads.
　　 Student CD-ROM-1OO circuit files from the book are presented as Electronics Workbench (EWB) files; 15-20 of these fi1es are accessible using the free demo of Electronics Workbench. The students are able to experiment with the files. For those who wish to fully unlock all 1OO circuit files. EWB's full version may be purchased from Interactive Image Technologies for approximately $'79.00. The CD-ROM also contains a selection of problem-solving, analysis and design tutorials, designed to further support important concepts in the text.
　　 Problem-Solving Workbook-a paperback workbook is for sale to students who wish to practice their problem solving techniques. The workbook contains a discussion of problem solving strategies and 150 additional problems with complete solutions provided.
　　 Online Learning Center (OLC)-the Web site for the book will serve as an online leaming center for students and as a useful resource for instructors. The OLC will provide access to:
　　 300 test questions-for instmctors only
　　 Downloadable figDres for overhead
　　 presentations-for instructors only
　　 Solutions manual-for instructors only
　　 Web links to useful sites
　　 Sample pages from the Problem-Solving
　　 Workbook
　　 PageOut Lite-a service provided to adopters who want to create their own Web site. In
　　 just a few minutes, instractors can change the coorse syllabus into a Web site using PageOut Lite.
　　 The URL for the web site is www.mhhe.com.alexander. Although the textbook is meant to be self-explanatory and act as a tutor for the student, the personal contact involved in teaching is not to be forgotten. The book and supplements are intended to supply the insuuctor with all the pedagogical tools necessary to effectively present the material.
　　 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
　　 We wish to take the opportunity to thank the staff of McGraw-Hill for their commitment and hard work: Lynn Cox, Senior Editor; Scott Isenberg, Senior Sponsoring Editor; Kelley Butcher, Senior Developmental Editor; Betsy Jones, Executive Editor; Catherine Fields, Sponsoring Editor; Kimberly Hooker. Project Manager; and Michelle Flomenhoft, Editorial Assistant. They got numerous reviews, kept the book on track, and helped in many ways. We really appreciate their inputs. We are greatly in debt to Richard Mickey for taking the pain of checking and correcting the entire manuscript. We wish to record our thanks to Steven Durbin at Florida State University and Daniel Moore at Rose Hulman Institute of Technology for serving as accuracy checkers of examples, practice problems, and end-of-chapter problems. We wish also to thank the following reviewers for their constructive criticisms and helpful comments.
　　 Promod Vohra, Northern Illinols University
　　 Moe Wasserman, Bosfon University
　　 Robert J. Krueger, University of Wisconsin
　　 Milwaukee
　　 John 0'Malley, University of Florida
　　 Aninlddha Datta, Texas A&t University
　　 Jobn Bay, Virginia Tech
　　 Wilhelm Eggimann, Worcester Polytechnic
　　 Inslitute
　　 A. B. Bonds, Vanderbill University
　　 Tommy Williamson, University of Dayton
　　 Cynthia Finelli, Kettering Universify
　　 John A. Fleming, Texas A&t University
　　 Roger Conant, University of Illinois
　　 at Chicago
　　 Daniel J. Moore, Rose-Hulman Institute of
　　 Technology
　　 Ralph A. Kinney, Louisiana Stare University
　　 Cecilia Townsend, North Carolina State
　　 University
　　 Charles B. Smith. University of Mississippi
　　 H. Roland Zapp, Michigan State University
　　 Stephen M. Phillips. Case Western University
　　 Robin N. Strickland, University of Arizona
　　 David N. Cowling, Louisiana State University
　　 Jean-Pierre R. Bayard, California State
　　 University
　　 Jack C. Lee. University of Texas at Austin
　　 E. L. Gerber, Drexel University
　　 The first author wishes to express his appreciation to his department chair, Dr. Dennis Irwin, for his outstanding support. In addition, he is extremely grateful to Suzanne Vazzano for her help with the solutions manual.
　　 The second author is indebted to Dr. Cynthia Hirtzel, the former dean of the college of engineering at Temple University, and Drs. Brian Butz, Richard Klafter, and John Helferty, his departmental chairpersons at different periods, for their encouragement while working on the manuscript. The secretarial suppon provided by Michelle Ayers and Carol Dahlberg is gratefully appreciated. Special thanks are due to Ann Sadiku, Mario Valenti, Raymond Garcia, Leke and Tolu Efuwape, and Ope Ola for helping in varioas ways. Finally, we owe the greatest debt to our wives, Paulette and Chris, without whose constant suppon and cooperation this project would have been impossible.
　　 Please address comments and comections to the publisher.
　　 C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku