contents
chapter 1 introduction to computers, the internet and the world wide web 1
1.1 introduction 2
1.2 what is a computer? 3
1.3 computer organization 3
1.4 early operating systems 4
1.5 personal, distributed and client/server computing 4
1.6 the internet and the world wide web 5
1.7 web 2.0 5
1.8 machine languages, assembly languages and high-level languages 6
1.9 history of c and c++ 7
1.10 c++ standard library 8
1.11 history of java 9
1.12 fortran, cobol, pascal and ada 9
1.13 basic, visual basic, visual c++, c# and .net 9
1.14 key software trend: object technology 10
1.15 typical c++ development environment 11
1.16 notes about c++ and c++ how to program, 6/e 13
1.17 test-driving a c++ application 13
1.18 software technologies 17
.1.19 game programming with the ogre libraries 18
1.20 future of c++: open source boost libraries, tr1 and c++0x 18
1.21 software engineering case study:introduction to object technology and the uml 19
1.22 web resources 23
chapter 2 introduction to c++ programming 34
2.1 introduction 34
2.2 first program in c++: printing a line of text 35
2.3 modifying our first c++ program 37
2.4 another c++ program: adding integers 38
2.5 memory concepts 41
2.6 arithmetic 42
2.7 decision making: equality and relational operators 45
2.8 (optional) software engineering case study: examining the atm requirements specification 48
chapter 3 introduction to classes and objects 64
3.1 introduction 64
3.2 classes, objects, member functions and data members 65
3.3 overview of the chapter examples 66
3.4 defining a class with a member function 66
3.5 defining a member function with a parameter 69
3.6 data members, set functions and get functions 71
3.7 initializing objects with constructors 76
3.8 placing a class in a separate file for reusability 79
3.9 separating interface from implementation 82
3.10 validating data with set functions 86
3.11 (optional) software engineering case study: identifying the classes in the atm requirements specification 89
chapter 4 control statements: part 1 101
4.1 introduction 101
4.2 algorithms 102
4.3 pseudocode 102
4.4 control structures 103
4.5 if selection statement 106
4.6 if...else double-selection statement 107
4.7 while repetition statement 111
4.8 formulating algorithms: counter-controlled repetition 112
4.9 formulating algorithms: sentinel-controlled repetition 116
4.10 formulating algorithms: nested control statements 123
4.11 assignment operators 127
4.12 increment and decrement operators 127
4.13 (optional) software engineering case study: identifying class attributes in the atm system 130
chapter 5 control statements: part 2 147
5.1 introduction 147
5.2 essentials of counter-controlled repetition 148
5.3 for repetition statement 149
5.4 examples using the for statement 152
5.5 do...while repetition statement 156
5.6 switch multiple-selection statement 157
5.7 break and continue statements 164
5.8 logical operators 166
5.9 confusing the equality (==) and assignment (=) operators 169
5.10 structured programming summary 170
5.11 (optional) software engineering case study: identifying objects?states and activities in the atm system 173
chapter 6 functions and an introduction to recursion 186
6.1 introduction 187
6.2 program components in c++ 187
6.3 math library functions 188
6.4 function definitions with multiple parameters 189
6.5 function prototypes and argument coercion 193
6.6 c++ standard library header files 195
6.7 case study: random number generation 196
6.8 case study: game of chance; introducing enum 200
6.9 storage classes 203
6.10 scope rules 205
6.11 function call stack and activation records 208
6.12 functions with empty parameter lists 209
6.13 inline functions 211
6.14 references and reference parameters 212
6.15 default arguments 216
6.16 unary scope resolution operator 217
6.17 function overloading 218
6.18 function templates 220
6.19 recursion 222
6.20 example using recursion: fibonacci series 224
6.21 recursion vs. iteration 226
6.22 (optional) software engineering case study: identifying class operations in the atm system 229
chapter 7 arrays and vectors 252
7.1 introduction 253
7.2 arrays 253
7.3 declaring arrays 254
7.4 examples using arrays 255
7.4.1 declaring an array and using a loop to initialize the array’s elements 255
7.4.2 initializing an array in a declaration with an initializer list 255
7.4.3 specifying an array’s size with a constant variable and setting array elements with calculations 256
7.4.4 summing the elements of an array 258
7.4.5 using bar charts to display array data graphically 259
7.4.6 using the elements of an array as counters 260
7.4.7 using arrays to summarize survey results 261
7.4.9 static local arrays and automatic local arrays 265
7.5 passing arrays to functions 266
7.6 case study: class gradebook using an array to store grades 270
7.7 searching arrays with linear search 274
7.8 sorting arrays with insertion sort 276
7.9 multidimensional arrays 277
7.10 case study: class gradebook using a two-dimensional array 280
7.11 introduction to c++ standard library class template vector 285
7.12 (optional) software engineering case study: collaboration among objects in the atm system 288
chapter 8 pointers and pointer-based strings 308
8.1 introduction 309
8.2 pointer variable declarations and initialization 309
8.3 pointer operators 310
8.4 passing arguments to functions by reference with pointers 312
8.5 using const with pointers 315
8.6 selection sort using pass-by-reference 320
8.7 sizeof operator 322
8.8 pointer expressions and pointer arithmetic 324
8.9 relationship between pointers and arrays 326
8.10 arrays of pointers 329
8.11 case study: card shuffling and dealing simulation 330
8.12 function pointers 334
8.13 introduction to pointer-based string processing 338
8.13.1 fundamentals of characters and pointer-based strings 339
8.13.2 string-manipulation functions of the string-handling library 340
chapter 9 classes: a deeper look, part 1 368
9.1 introduction 368
9.2 time class case study 369
9.3 class scope and accessing class members 373
9.4 separating interface from implementation 374
9.5 access functions and utility functions 376
9.6 time class case study: constructors with default arguments 378
9.7 destructors 382
9.8 when constructors and destructors are called 382
9.9 time class case study: a subtle trap裄eturning a reference to a private data member 385
9.10 default memberwise assignment 387
9.11 (optional) software engineering case study: starting to program the classes of the atm system 388
chapter 10 classes: a deeper look, part 2 399
10.1 introduction 399
10.2 const (constant) objects and const member functions 400
10.3 composition: objects as members of classes 407
10.4 friend functions and friend classes 412
10.5 using the this pointer 414
10.6 dynamic memory management with operators new and delete 418
10.7 static class members 420
10.8 data abstraction and information hiding 424
10.8.1 example: array abstract data type 425
10.8.2 example: string abstract data type 425
10.8.3 example: queue abstract data type 426
10.9 container classes and iterators 426
10.10 proxy classes 426
chapter 11 operator overloading; string and array objects 434
11.1 introduction 435
11.2 fundamentals of operator overloading 435
11.3 restrictions on operator overloading 436
11.4 operator functions as class members vs. global functions 437
11.5 overloading stream insertion and stream extraction operators 438
11.6 overloading unary operators 441
11.7 overloading binary operators 441
11.8 case study: array class 442
11.9 converting between types 450
11.10 case study: string class 451
11.11 overloading ++ and -- 460
11.12 case study: a date class 461
11.13 standard library class string 464
11.14 explicit constructors 467
chapter 12 object-oriented programming: inheritance 480
12.1 introduction 481
12.2 base classes and derived classes 482
12.3 protected members 483
12.4 relationship between base classes and derived classes 484
12.4.1 creating and using a commissionemployee class 484
12.4.2 creating a basepluscommissionemployee class without using inheritance 488
12.4.3 creating a commissionemployee蠦asepluscommissionemployee inheritance hierarchy 492
12.4.4 commissionemployee蠦asepluscommissionemployee inheritance hierarchy using protected data 495
12.4.5 commissionemployee蠦asepluscommissionemployee inheritance hierarchy using private data 501
12.5 constructors and destructors in derived classes 506
12.6 public, protected and private inheritance 512
12.7 software engineering with inheritance 512
chapter 13 object-oriented programming: polymorphism 518
13.1 introduction 519
13.2 polymorphism examples 520
13.3 relationships among objects in an inheritance hierarchy 520
13.3.1 invoking base-class functions from derived-class objects 521
13.3.2 aiming derived-class pointers at base-class objects 526
13.3.3 derived-class member-function calls via base-class pointers 527
13.3.4 virtual functions 528
13.3.5 summary of the allowed assignments between base-class and derived-class objects and pointers 532
13.4 type fields and switch statements 533
13.5 abstract classes and pure virtual functions 534
13.6 case study: payroll system using polymorphism 535
13.6.1 creating abstract base class employee 536
13.6.2 creating concrete derived class salariedemployee 539
13.6.3 creating concrete derived class hourlyemployee 540
13.6.4 creating concrete derived class commissionemployee 542
13.6.5 creating indirect concrete derived class basepluscommissionemployee 543
13.6.6 demonstrating polymorphic processing 545
13.7 (optional) polymorphism, virtual functions and dynamic binding 襏nder the hood? 547
13.8 case study: payroll system using polymorphism and runtime type information with downcasting, dynamic_cast, typeid and type_info 550
13.9 virtual destructors 553
13.10 (optional) software engineering case study: incorporating inheritance into the atm system 553
chapter 14 templates 564
14.1 introduction 564
14.2 function templates 565
14.3 overloading function templates 567
14.4 class templates 568
14.5 nontype parameters and default types for class templates 572
14.6 notes on templates and inheritance 573
14.7 notes on templates and friends 573
14.8 notes on templates and static members 574
chapter 15 stream input/output 579
15.1 introduction 580
15.2 streams 580
15.2.1 classic streams vs. standard streams 581
15.2.2 iostream library header files 581
15.2.3 stream input/output classes and objects 581
15.3 stream output 583
15.3.1 output of char * variables 583
15.3.2 character output using member function put 583
15.4 stream input 584
15.4.1 get and getline member functions 584
15.4.2 istream member functions peek, putback and ignore 586
15.4.3 type-safe i/o 587
15.5 unformatted i/o using read, write and gcount 587
15.6 introduction to stream manipulators 588
15.6.1 integral stream base: dec, oct, hex and setbase 588
15.6.2 floating-point precision (precision, setprecision) 588
15.6.3 field width (width, setw) 589
15.6.4 user-de辬ed output stream manipulators 590
15.7 stream format states and stream manipulators 591
15.7.1 trailing zeros and decimal points (showpoint) 592
15.7.2 justi辌ation (left, right and internal) 593
15.7.3 padding (fill, setfill) 594
15.7.4 integral stream base (dec, oct, hex, showbase) 595
15.7.5 floating-point numbers; scienti辌 and fixed notation (scientific, fixed) 596
15.7.6 uppercase/lowercase control (uppercase) 596
15.7.7 specifying boolean format (boolalpha) 597
15.7.8 setting and resetting the format state via member function flags 598
15.8 stream error states 599
15.9 tying an output stream to an input stream 600
chapter 16 exception handling 610
16.1 introduction 611
16.2 exception-handling overview 611
16.3 example: handling an attempt to divide by zero 612
16.4 when to use exception handling 616
16.5 rethrowing an exception 617
16.6 exception specifications 618
16.7 processing unexpected exceptions 619
16.8 stack unwinding 619
16.9 constructors, destructors and exception handling 620
16.10 exceptions and inheritance 621
16.11 processing new failures 621
16.12 class auto_ptr and dynamic memory allocation 624
16.13 standard library exception hierarchy 626
16.14 other error-handling techniques 627
chapter 17 file processing 634
17.1 introduction 634
17.2 data hierarchy 635
17.3 files and streams 636
17.4 creating a sequential file 637
17.5 reading data from a sequential file 640
17.6 updating sequential files 644
17.7 random-access files 645
17.8 creating a random-access file 645
17.9 writing data randomly to a random-access file 649
17.10 reading from a random-access file sequentially 651
17.11 case study: a transaction-processing program 652
17.12 overview of object serialization 657
chapter 18 class string and string stream processing 667
18.1 introduction 668
18.2 string assignment and concatenation 669
18.3 comparing strings 670
18.4 substrings 672
18.5 swapping strings 673
18.6 string characteristics 673
18.7 finding substrings and characters in a string 675
18.8 replacing characters in a string 676
18.9 inserting characters into a string 678
18.10 conversion to c-style pointer-based char * strings 679
18.11 iterators 680
18.12 string stream processing 681
chapter 19 searching and sorting 688
19.1 introduction 688
19.2 searching algorithms 689
19.2.1 efficiency of linear search 689
19.2.2 binary search 690
19.3 sorting algorithms 694
19.3.1 efficiency of selection sort 694
19.3.2 efficiency of insertion sort 695
19.3.3 merge sort (a recursive implementation) 695
chapter 20 data structures 705
20.1 introduction 705
20.2 self-referential classes 706
20.3 dynamic memory allocation and data structures 707
20.4 linked lists 707
20.5 stacks 718
20.6 queues 721
20.7 trees 724
chapter 21 standard template library (stl) 749
21.1 introduction to the standard template library(stl) 750
21.1.1 introduction to containers 751
21.1.2 introduction to iterators 754
21.1.3 introduction to algorithms 758
21.2 sequence containers 759
21.2.1 vector sequence container 760
21.2.2 list sequence container 765
21.2.3 deque sequence container 768
21.3 associative containers 769
21.3.1 multiset associative container 769
21.3.2 set associative container 771
21.3.3 multimap associative container 773
21.3.4 map associative container 774
21.4 container adapters 775
21.4.1 stack adapter 775
21.4.2 queue adapter 777
21.4.3 priority_queue adapter 778
21.5 algorithms 779
21.5.1 fill, fill_n, generate and generate_n 779
21.5.2 equal, mismatch and lexicographical_compare 781
21.5.3 remove, remove_if, remove_copy and remove_copy_if 782
21.5.4 replace, replace_if, replace_copy and replace_copy_if 784
21.5.5 mathematical algorithms 786
21.5.6 basic searching and sorting algorithms 788
21.5.7 swap, iter_swap and swap_ranges 790
21.5.8 copy_backward, merge, unique and reverse 791
21.5.9 inplace_merge, unique_copy and reverse_copy 793
21.5.10 set operations 794
21.5.11 lower_bound, upper_bound and equal_range 796
21.5.12 heapsort 798
21.5.13 min and max 800
21.5.14 stl algorithms not covered in this chapter 800
21.6 class bitset 801
21.7 function objects 804
21.8 stl web resources 806
chapter 22 game programming with ogre 815
22.1 introduction 816
22.2 installing ogre, ogreal and openal 816
22.3 basics of game programming 816
22.4 the game of pong: code walkthrough 818
22.4.1 ogre initialization 819
22.4.2 creating a scene 825
22.4.3 adding to the scene 826
22.4.4 animation and timers 834
22.4.5 user input 835
22.4.6 collision detection 836
22.4.7 sound 838
22.4.8 resources 838
22.4.9 pong driver 838
22.5 ogre web resources 839
chapter 23 boostlibraries, technical report 1 and c++0x 847
23.1 introduction 848
23.2 deitel online c++ and related resource centers 848
23.3 boost libraries 848
23.4 adding a new library to boost 848
23.5 installing the boost libraries 849
23.6 boost libraries in technical report 1 (tr1) 849
23.7 regular expressions with the boost.regex library 851
23.7.1 regular expression example 852
23.7.2 validating user input with regular expressions 854
23.7.3 replacing and splitting strings 856
23.8 smart pointers with boost.smart_ptr 858
23.8.1 reference counted shared_ptr 858
23.8.2 weak_ptr: shared_ptr observer 861
23.9 technical report 1 865
23.10 c++0x 866
23.11 core language changes 867
chapter 24 other topics 878
24.1 introduction 878
24.2 const_cast operator 879
24.3 namespaces 880
24.4 operator keywords 883
24.5 mutable class members 884
24.6 pointers to class members (.* and -＞*) 885
24.7 multiple inheritance 887
24.8 multiple inheritance and virtual base classes 890
appendix a operator precedence and associativity chart 898
appendix b ascii character set 900
appendix c fundamental types 901
appendix d number systems 902
appendix e c legacy code topics 912
appendix f preprocessor 931
appendix g atm case study code 941
appendix h uml 2: additional diagram types 964
appendix i using the visual studio debugger 965
appendix j using the gnu c++ debugger 976
bibliography 989
index 993
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