企业应用架构模式(英文影印版)（企业应用开发圣经）(书评积分兑换赠品)

.chapter 3: mapping to relational databases 33
architectural patterns 33
the behavioral problem 38
reading in data 40
structural mapping patterns 41
mapping relationships 41
inheritance 45
building the mapping 47
double mapping 48
using metadata 49
database connections 50
some miscellaneous points 52
further reading 53
chapter 4: web presentation 55
view patterns 58
input controller patterns 61
further reading 61
chapter 5: concurrency (by martin fowler and david rice) 63
concurrency problems 64
execution contexts 65
isolation and immutability 66
optimistic and pessimistic concurrency control 67
preventing inconsistent reads 68
deadlocks 70
transactions 71
acid 71
transactional resources 72
reducing transaction isolation for liveness 73
business and system transactions 74
patterns for offline concurrency control 76
application server concurrency 78
further reading 80
chapter 6: session state 81
the value of statelessness 81
session state 83
ways to store session state 84
chapter 7: distribution strategies 87
the allure of distributed objects 87
remote and local interfaces 88
where you have to distribute 90
working with the distribution boundary 91
interfaces for distribution 92
chapter 8: putting it all together 95
starting with the domain layer 96
down to the data source layer 97
data source for transaction script (11 o) 97
data source for table module (125) 98
data source for domain model (116) 98
the presentation layer 99
some technology-specific advice 100
java and j2ee 100
net 101
stored procedures 102
web services 103
other layering schemes 103
part 2: the patterns 107
chapter 9: domain logic patterns 109
transaction script 110
how it works 110
when to use it 111
the revenue recognition problem 112
example: revenue recognition (java) 113
domain model 116
how it works 116
when to use it 119
further reading 119
example: revenue recognition (java) 120
table module 125
how it works 126
when to use it 128
example: revenue recognition with a table module (c#) 129
service layer (by randy stafford) 133
how it works 134
when to use it 137
further reading 13 7
example: revenue recognition (java) 138
chapter 10: data source architectural patterns 143
table data gateway 144
how it works 144
when to use it 145
further reading 146
example: person gateway (c#) 146
example: using ado net data sets (c#) 148
row data gateway 152
how it works 152
when to use it 153
example: a person record (java) 155
example: a data holder for a domain object (java) 158
active record 160
how it works 160
when to use it 161
example: a simple person (java) 162
data mapper 165
how it works 165
when to use it 170
example: a simple database mapper (java) 171
example: separating the finders (java) 176
example: creating an empty object (java) 179
chapter 11: object-relational behavioral patterns 183
unit of work 184
how it works 184
when to use it 189
example: unit of work with object registration (java)
(by david rice) 190
identity map 195
how it works 195
when to use it 198
example: methods for an identity map (java) 198
lazy load 200
how it works 200
when to use it 203
example: lazy initialization (java) 203
example: virtual proxy (java) 203
example: using a value holder (java) 205
example: using ghosts (c#) 206
3hapter 12: object-relational structural patterns 215
identity field 216
how it works 216
when to use it 220
further reading 221
example: integral key (c#) 221
example: using a key table (java) 222
example: using a compound key (java) 224
foreign key mapping 236
how it works 236
when to use it 239
example: single-valued reference (java) 240
example: multitable find (java) 243
example: collection of references (c#) 244
association table mapping 248
how it works 248
when to use it 249
example: employees and skills (c#) 250
example: using direct sql (java) 253
example: using a single query for multiple employees (java)
(by matt foemmel and martin fowler) 256
dependent mapping 262
how it works 262
when to use it 263
example: albums and tracks (java) .. 264
embedded value 268
how it works 268
when to use it 268
further reading 270
example: simple value object (java) 270
serialized lob 272
how it works 272
when to use it 274
example: serializing a department hierarchy in
xml (java) 274
single table inheritance 278
how it works 278
when to use it 279
example: a single table for players (c#) 280
loading an object from the database 281
class table inheritance 285
how it works 285
when to use it 286
further reading 287
example: players and their kin (c#) 287
concrete table inheritance 293
how it works 293
when to use it 295
example: concrete players (c#) 296
inheritance mappers 302
how it works 303
when to use it 304
chapter 13: object-relational metadata mapping patterns 305
metadata mapping 306
how it works 306
when to use it 308
example: using metadata and reflection (java) 309
query object 316
how it works 316
when to use it 317
further reading 318
example: a simple query object (java) 318
repository (by edward hieatt and rob mee) 322
how it works 323
when to use it 324
further reading 325
example: finding a person's dependents (java) 325
example: swapping repository strategies (java) 326
chapter 14: web presentation patterns 329
model view controller 330
how it works 330
when to use it 332
page controller 333
how it works 333
when to use it 334
example: simple display with a servlet controller
and a jsp view (java) 335
example: using a jsp as a handler (java) 337
example: page handler with a code behind (c#) 340
front controller 344
how it works 344
when to use it 346
further reading 347
example: simple display (java) 347
template view 350
how it works 351
when to use it 354
example: using a jsp as a view with a separate
controller (java) 355
example: asp net server page (c#) 357
transform view 361
how it works 361
when to use it 362
example: simple transform (java) 363
two step view 365
how it works 365
when to use it 367
example: two stage xslt (xslt) 371
example: jsp and custom tags (java) 374
application controller 3 79
how it works 380
when to use it 381
further reading 382
example: state model application controller (java) 382
chapter 15: distribution patterns 387
remote facade 388
how it works 389
when to use it 392
example: using a java session bean as a remote facade (java) 392
example: web service (c#) 395
data transfer object 401
how it works 401
when to use it 406
further reading 407
example: transferring information about albums (java) 407
example: serializing using xml (java) 411
chapter 16: offline concurrency patterns 415
optimistic offline lock (by david rice) 416
how it works 417
when to use it 420
example: domain layer with data mappers (165) (java) 421
pessimistic offline lock (by david rice) 426
how it works 427
when to use it 431
example: simple lock manager (java) 431
coarse-grained lock (by david rice and matt foemmel) 438
how it works 438
when to use it 441
example: shared optimistic offline lock (416) (java) 441
example: shared pessimistic offline lock (426)(java) 446
example: root optimistic offline lock (416) (java) 447
implicit lock (by david rice) 449
how it works 450
when to use it 451
example: implicit pessimistic offline lock (426) (java) 451
chapter 17: session state patterns 455
client session state 456
how it works 456
when to use it 457
server session state 458
how it works 458
when to use it 460
database session state 462
how it works 462
when to use it 464
chapter 18: base patterns 465
gateway 466
how it works 466
when to use it 467
example: a gateway to a proprietary messaging
service (java) 468
mapper 473
how it works 473
when to use it 474
layer supertype 475
how it works 475
when to use it 475
example: domain object (java) 475
separated interface 476
how it works 477
when to use it 478
registry 480
how it works 480
when to use it 482
example: a singleton registry (java) 483
example: thread-safe registry (java)
(by matt foemmel and martin fowler) 484
value object 486
how it works 486
when to use it 487
money 488
how it works 488
when to use it 490
example: a money class (java)
(by matt foemmel and martin fowler) 491
special case 496
how it works 497
when to use it 497
further reading 497
example: a simple null object (c#) 498
plugin (by david rice and matt foemmel) 499
how it works 499
when to use it 500
example: an id generator (java) 501
service stub (by david rice) 504
how it works 504
when to use it 505
example: sales tax service (java) 505
record set 508
how it works 508
when to use it 510
references 511
index ... 517

.　　本书面向的是正在构建企业级应用，希望增进对架构相关问题的理解，加强此方面沟通的程序员、设计师和软件架构师。
　　我假定本书的大多数读者可以归为两类：一些人所面临的需求规模不大，计划自己构建软件；另一些人面临的需求较多，需要使用某些工具。对于较小规模的需求，本书提及的模式将有助于着手工作。尽管在许多领域，所需的知识超出了本书的内容，但本书能够提供先发优势。对于工具使用者，我希望本书能揭示工具背后的一些技术内幕，帮助他们决策如何选择工具所支持的模式。例如，使用对象－关系映射工具时，你仍然必须决定如何映射某些特定情况。本书所提供的模式将有助于做出这样的决策。
　　此外，还存在第三类读者，他们有较多需求，又要自己构建软件。在此，我要说的是：请先考虑是否使用工具。我已经见过不止一个项目花费大量时间来建造框架，而这些框架并非该项目所真正要解决的问题。当然，如果确认没有问题，那请继续好了。请记住，为提高可理解性，本书中许多代码示例都有意简化了，你会发现需要做很多工作来处理所面临的更多需求。
　　由于模式是对不断出现的问题的通用解决方案，因此很可能有的读者已经遇到过当中的一些模式了。如果你从事企业级应用开发已经有一段时间，可能会很熟悉其中大部分模式。本书中并不包含任何新的东西，正相反，这是一本讲述（我们这一行业的）既有知识的书。如果你是这一领域的新手，我希望本书将帮助你学习这些技术。如果你熟悉这些技术，我希望本书有助于你与其他人沟通。模式的重要作用就在于其创建了一个通用的词汇表，例如，你称某个类是远程外观（Remote Facade,388），其他设计人员就都知道你指的是什么。
　　致谢
　　与其他书籍一样，这里将涉及多年来以不同方式与我一起工作的很多人。他们以许多方式对我提供过帮助。本书中一些重要内容是由他人提供的，其中某些人我可能已经无法回忆起他们的名字。在这里，我所能做的是对那些仍铭记在心的人表示感谢。
　　首先要感谢的是我的合作者，David Rice，他是我在ThoughtWorks公司的同事，他为本书做出了巨大的贡献：撰写了本书的1/10以上的内容。当我们一起努力以保证本书能如期交稿时（他当时还要从事客户支持的工作），我们曾在若干个深夜通过即时消息软件进行协商，交谈中他坦承他总算明白了为何写一本书是如此困难却又如此吸引人。
　　Matt Foemmel是我在ThoughtWorks公司的另一个同事。他为代码示例做出了很大的贡献。Randy Stafford为本书贡献了服务层（Service Layer,133），他一直是此模式的极力倡导者。我还要感谢Edward Hieatt和Rob Mee所做的贡献，Rob在审阅本书时发现了一个漏洞。Rob是我的最佳审稿人：他不仅发现少了某些内容，而且他还帮我写了一节来弥补这个漏洞！
　　同样，对本书一流的正式审稿人，我的言辞远不能表达我的感激之情：
　　John Brewer、Rob Mee、Kyle Brown、Gerard Meszarios、Jens Coldewey、Dirk Riehle、John Crupi、Randy Stafford、Leonard Fenster、David Siegel、Alan Knight、Kai Yu。
　　我几乎要把ThoughtWorks公司的电话号码本列全了，因为有太多的同事与我讨论他们的设计和经验，助我完成这一项目。许多模式在我脑中成型，是因为我有机会与众多天才设计师讨论，因此我只好对整个公司表示感谢。
　　Kyle Brown、Rachel Reinitz和Bobby Woolf在百忙之中抽出时间与我一道在北卡罗莱纳对本书进行了长期而细致的审阅。他们的批评指正为本书注入了各种睿智之见。尤其是与Kyle的几次长时间的电话交谈令我获益匪浅。
　　2000年初我与Alan Knight和Kai Yu一起为Java One大会准备了一个演讲，这是本书的雏形。我还要感谢Josh Mackenzie、Rebecca Parsons和 Dave Rice，他们其后协助我提炼了这些演讲及其思想。Jim Newkirk付出了很大努力来帮助我熟悉.NET平台。
　　我与这个领域的许多专家有过令人愉快的交谈或合作，我从他们那里获益匪浅。这里尤其要对Colleen Roe、David Muirhead和Randy Stafford表示感谢，他们将自己在Gemstone的Foodsmart示例系统上的工作成果与我共享。我参加了Bruce Eckel所主持的Crested Butte讨论会的一些重要会谈，向近年来这一会议的与会者致谢。Joshua Kerievsky虽然没有时间对本书做一次全面的审阅，但他是我在模式方面很好的顾问。
　　我一如既往地从伊利诺斯大学阅读组独特的不闭门评审会得到了极大的帮助。我要感谢：Ariel Gertzenstein、Bosko Zivaljevic、Brad Jones、Brian Foote、Brian Marick、Federico Balaguer、Joseph Yoder、John Brant、Mike Hewner、Ralph Johnson和Weerasak Witthawaskul。
　　伊利诺斯大学的毕业生Dragos Manolescu及其小组给我提供了不少反馈意见。感谢Muhammad Anan、Brian Doyle、Emad Ghosheh、Glenn Graessle、Daniel Hein、Prabhaharan Kumarakulasingam、Joe Quint、John Reinke、Kevin Reynolds、Sripriya Srinivasan和Tirumala Vaddiraju。
　　Kent Back为我提供了许多思路。是他为特殊情况（Special Case,496）模式起了名字。Jim Odell将我领入了咨询、教学和写作的世界，我由衷地感谢他。
　　当我写这本书时，曾将草稿放在网上。期间许多人通过电子邮件向我指出问题、提出疑问或者讨论其他替代方案。他们中有Michael Banks、Mark Bernstein、Graham Berrisford、Bjorn Beskow、Bryan Boreham、Sean Broadley、Peris Brodsky、Paul Campbell、Chester Chen、John Coakley、Bob Corrick、Pascal Costanza、Andy Czerwonka、Martin Diehl、Daniel Drasin、Juan Gomez Duaso、Don Dwiggins、Peter Foreman、Russell Freeman、Peter Gassmann、Jason Gorman、Dan Green、Lars Gregori、Rick Hansen、Tobin Harris、Russel Healey、Christian Heller、Richard Henderson、Kyle Hermenean、Carsten Heyl、Akira Hirasawa、Eric Kaun、Kirk Knoernschild、Jesper Ladegaard、Chris Lopez、Paolo Marino、Jeremy Miller、Ivan Mitrovic、Thomas Neumann、Judy Obee、Paolo Parovel、Trevor Pinkney、Tomas Restrepo、Joel Rieder、Matthew Roberts、Stefan Roock、Ken Rosha、Andy Schneider、Alexandre Semenov、Stan Silvert、Geoff Soutter、Volker Termath、Christopher Thames、Volker Turau、Knut Wannheden、Marc Wallace、Stefan Wenig、Brad Wiemerslage、Mark Windholtz、Michael Yoon。
　　此外，还有许多我不认识或已经遗忘了的人，在此致以真诚的谢意。
　　最诚挚的谢意依旧要献给我的妻子Cindy，感谢她一直陪伴左右。...